厌氧──交替好氧缺氧工艺(AAA)处理城市污水的研究

采用厌氧-交管好氧缺氧工艺处理城市污水，在厌氧段水力停留时间为初时，COD的去除率达37．5％，污水的BOD／COD由进水的0．492上升到出水的0．557。AAA段在AP＝50％，空气阀开闭周期为60min时，可以去除765％的T－N。本文对AAA段脱氛的效果进行了分析。     

生物膜系统同时硝化和反硝化的实验研究

实验采用人工配水,对生物膜系统中COD和氮的去除进行了研究。实验中pH控制在7.0～7.5左右,温度为20℃～28℃。本实验研究了不同溶解氧、水力停留时间和碳氮比对总氮去除率的影响。实验结果表明,生物膜系统中同时硝化和反硝化具有一定的可行性。在C/N比为8∶1,水力停留时间6h时,溶解氧为0.5～1.0mg/L时,总氮的去除率达53.6%。     

潜流式人工湿地微生物群落结构及脱氮效果的研究

人工湿地是一种经济有效的处理污水方法,对氮有一定的去除效果。实验主要测定了泗洪潜流式人工湿地芦苇根面及填料表面上氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的数量分布情况,并初步探讨了人工湿地脱氮效果。结果显示湿地中细菌数量丰富,氮去除效果较好,其中氨氮、凯氏氮、总氮的去除率分别为55.5%,60.1%,53.6%。     

缺氧条件下聚磷菌利用硝酸盐吸磷的研究

为配合某新型反硝化聚磷设备生物除磷脱氮工艺的生产试验，利用静态实验方法研究了聚磷菌在缺氧状态下以硝酸盐作氧供体时吸磷作用。实验表明，聚磷菌在缺氧条件下，会利用硝酸盐作氧供体进行吸磷，说明缺氧聚磷可代替传统的耗氧吸磷，但NO3-N浓度必须保持在0.4mg/L以上。实验还表明，不同的氮磷比对聚磷菌吸磷效果有影响，最佳氮磷比为3.2:1，此时磷的去除率可达100%，氮的去除率亦可达98%。     

过硫酸钾氧化—紫外分光光度法测定水中总氮方法的探讨

经实验证明，用过硫酸钾氧化－紫外分光光度度测定水样中的总氮，以新鲜一次蒸馏水代替重蒸馏无氨水，能够降低全程序空白实验值，省时省电，减少了实验操作程序，测定结果可信性强；同时本这对测定过程中加热湿度的控制，冷却放置时间的长短等实验条件进行了较详细研究，确定了最佳实验条件并对标准样品进行分析，结果理想。     

柴油机污染物排放后处理技术的研究进展

国内外柴油机主要排放物NOx和微粒的后处理技术的研究现状和最新技术发展动态表明，机内、机外处理技术的组合，是达到未来柴油机排放标准、实现大幅度降低柴油机污染物排放的趋势。分析了各种机外净化技术的特点和存在问题，阐述了燃油含硫量对柴油机排放后处理的影响。     

两段接触氧化法处理生活污水的实验研究

接触氧化法具有处理效率高,耐冲击负荷,出水水质好,占地面积小等特点.本文在两段接触氧化法处理生活污水的模拟实验基础上,探讨了水力停留时间、供气量对处理效果的影响.实验结果表明:在总气水比为5∶1,两段的水力停留时间均为1 h时,COD、BOD5和SS的平均去除率分别达到94.5%、93.2%和91.7%.与活性污泥法相比,两段接触氧化法对氨氮有较好的去除效果.工程实例运行情况表明,出水水质符合国家污水排放标准,该法也适用于厂矿企业及城镇生活小区的生活污水处理.     

Fate of nitrogen during composting of chicken litter

Chicken litter (a mixture of chicken manure, wood shavings, waste feed, and feathers) was composted in forced-aeration piles to understand the changes and losses of nitrogen (N) during composting. During the composting process, the chemical [different N fractions, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (C), and C:N ratio], physical, and microbial properties of the chicken litter were examined. Cumulative losses and mass balances of N and organic matter were also quantified to determine actual losses during composting. The changes in total N concentration of the chicken litter piles were essentially equal to those of the organic N. The inorganic N concentrations were low, and that organic N was the major nitrogenous constituent. The ammonium (NH(4)(+))-N concentration decreased dramatically during first 35 days of composting. However, the rapid decrease in NH(4)(+)-N during composting did not coincide with a rapid increase in (NO(3)(-)+NO(2)(-))-N concentration. The concentration of (NO(3)(-)+NO(2)(-))-N was very low (<0.5 g kg(-1)) at day 0, and this level remained unchanged during the first 35 days of composting suggesting that N was lost during composting. Losses of N in this composting process were governed mainly by volatilization of ammonia (NH(3)) as the pile temperatures were high and the pH values were above 7. The narrow C:N ratio (<20:1) have also contributed to losses of N in the chicken litter. The OM and total organic C mass decreased with composting time. About 42 kg of the organic C was converted to CO(2). On the other hand, 18 kg was lost during composting. This loss was more than half (59%) of the initial N mass of the piles. Such a finding demonstrates that composting reduced the value of the chicken litter as N fertilizer. However, the composted chicken contained a more humified (stabilized) OM compared with the uncomposted chicken litter, which would enhance its value as a soil conditioner.     

氮和磷对铜山源水库优势藻生长影响实验研究

分别研究了N、P等对铜山源水库优势藻类（绿球藻和舟形硅藻）生长的影响。结果表明，当N／P比为25时，绿球藻生长量最高，其限制因子是磷。绿球藻生长最适pH范围为6－8，生长过程中培养基pH没有显著变化。绿球藻和舟形硅藻混合培养时，绿球藻占优，而硅盐浓度对硅藻生长有明显促进作用。     

The contribution of dry deposited ammonia and sulphur dioxide to the composition of precipitation from continuously open gauges

A series of experiments using bulk precipitation collectors of the type used in the UK precipitation chemistry network measured the amounts of NH₄⁺, SO₄²⁻ and other ions that could be washed from funnels (diameter 15 cm) exposed to a wide range of NH₃ and SO₂ concentrations over periods from hours to days. In dry conditions, the average deposition flux of NH₃ was between 50 and 120 nmol NH₄⁺ funnel⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0.1–0.3 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and was independent of the concentration of NH₃. Dry deposition of NH₃ to wet funnels at small NH₃ concentrations was almost 5 times that to dry funnels under the same conditions (average 240 nmol funnel⁻¹ d⁻¹; 0.7 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and increased with increasing NH₃ concentrations. The amount of NH₄⁺ ions remaining on the funnel surface was inversely proportional to the vapour pressure deficit during the experiment. This result was interpreted as a dependence on the duration of surface wetness, with greater deposition of NH₄⁺ when evaporation rates of surface water were small.The amount of SO₂ deposited on funnel surfaces was closely related to the amount of NH₃ deposited, in both wet and dry conditions, but was not strongly correlated with the SO₂ concentration. At low NH₃ and SO₂ concentrations the average deposition to dry funnels was 70 nmol SO₄²⁻ funnel⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0.5 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and to wet funnels was approximately 2.5 times larger. The results are interpreted in terms of the balance between the rate of evaporation of surface water, and the rate of oxidation of SO₂, which leads to the ‘fixing’ of NH₄⁺ ions on the surface as involatile salts.It is predicted that dry deposition of NH₃ to funnel surfaces across the UK Secondary Network could account for as much as one-half of the measured bulk wet deposition at sites where wet deposition of NH₄–N is small. The amount of dry deposition depends on how long and how often funnel surfaces are wetted by rain or dew, and on the air concentrations of NH₃. These predictions are based on funnels being wetted only once per day. More frequent wetting would increase the contribution from dry deposition, and the consequent overestimate of wet deposition of NH₄–N across the UK by using data obtained from bulk collectors. To some extent this overestimate may be offset by microbial degradation and loss of NH₄–N in weekly bulk precipitation samples during collection and storage.