黑龙江省森林碳汇市场构建的可行性设计

随着全球森林碳汇市场市场份额扩大,黑龙江省凭借资源和区位等内在优势,森林碳汇市场发展前景可观。基于市场原则和组织框架的构建设想,依据市场定位和产品开发,对黑龙江省森林碳汇市场发展的可行性分阶段设计,提出适合的保障机制,为黑龙江省森林碳汇市场运行提供理论参考和现实依据。     

煤炭企业发展低碳经济的动力机制

将影响煤炭企业发展低碳经济的动力因素分为四大类,包括4个拉力因素、1个支撑因素、2个压力因素和4个推动力因素。设计了煤炭企业发展低碳经济的动力机制模型,在分析各个动力因素的基础上,构建了煤炭企业发展低碳经济的拉力机制模型、支撑机制模型、压力机制模型和推动力机制模型。     

森林碳汇资源开发潜力定量评价与研究——以黑龙江省为例

森林碳汇资源是开展森林碳汇贸易的基础。森林碳汇潜力的定量评价,将为森林碳汇贸易提供可靠的依据。在对森林碳汇资源开发潜力的定量方法进行深入研究的基础上,以黑龙江省为案例进行潜力评价,明确了黑龙江省具有巨大的森林碳汇增量潜力,提出了进一步发展森林碳汇贸易及构建森林碳汇交易市场的可行性。     

油田压裂返排液处理技术实验研究

油气井压裂作业过程中产生的压裂返排液已成为当前油田水体的主要污染源之一。文章对吉林油田公司压裂返排液处理工艺进行了实验研究。结果表明:在采用絮凝、微波强氧化、活性炭毡处理、纳滤/反渗透集成处理工艺后,压裂返排液CODCr可以达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准要求。该研究为压裂返排液处理装置的设计和现场实施提供了实验基础。     

秦皇岛市商业低碳化研究

2001—2010年秦皇岛市商业行业碳排放量分析结果显示,秦皇岛商业行业碳排放不论从总量还是排放强度均呈现增加趋势。通过剖析商业低碳化的制约因素,对秦皇岛市商业低碳化发展提出了相关建议：商业企业应积极进行内部治理,控制商业建筑的碳排放并合理选择供应商;发挥政府的主导作用,为低碳商业的发展提供良好的外部环境;合理规划商业产业与商业网点布局,积极引导、促进商业领域低碳技术的使用和发展;建立低碳商业发展专项资金,为中小型商业企业提供资金支持;加强对低碳消费的引导力度。     

Sorption of PAHs and PCBs to activated carbon: coal versus biomass-based quality

The addition of activated carbon (AC) is an increasingly popular method for pollutant immobilization, and the AC material can be made of biomass or coal/fossil feedstock. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there are differences between pollutant sorption to biomass and coal-based AC in the presence and absence of sediment. Through N₂ and CO₂ adsorption to probe surface area and pore size it was shown that the biomass-based AC had a stronger dominance of narrow pores in the size range 3.5-15 Å than the anthracite-based material. In the absence of sediment, sorption isotherms for the probe compounds pyrene and PCB-101 showed stronger sorption for the biomass-based AC (logarithmic Freundlich coefficients 8.15 for pyrene; 9.91 for PCB-101) than for the anthracite-based one (logarithmic Freundlich coefficients 7.20 and 9.70, respectively). In the presence of sediment, the opposite trend was observed, with the stronger sorption for anthracite-based AC. Thus, the presence of competing and/or pore-blocking sediment constituents reduces sorption to a larger extent for biomass-derived AC (factor of 5 for pyrene to almost 100 for PCB-101) than for anthracite-based AC (no reduction for pyrene to factor of 5 for PCB-101). This difference is tentatively attributed to the difference in pore size distribution, narrow pores being more prone to clogging, and could have implications for remediation feasibility with AC from different sources.     

Visualization and localization of bromotoluene distribution in Hedera helix using NanoSIMS

Some plants are known as indoor air purifiers. A large number of studies report kinetic purification results for an extensive panel of plants, i.e. the pollutant concentration (volatile organic compounds, as known as VOC, most of the time) is continuously monitored by gas chromatography. However, only a few papers describe the mechanisms involved in such processes. This study deals with the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging as an efficient tool to locate atmospheric pollutant as bromotoluene within the Hedera helix plant (leaf, roots) and the substrate on which it was previously grown. Hedera helix plants have been placed in a pollution chamber with control of the exposure parameters. Plant and soil samples excised were transferred into a fixative solution of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde for a few days, were dehydrated using ethanol and were embedded with resin. Cross sections were made from the pale brown solids obtained. Then, a device using a cathodic pulverization device capable of depositing a few nanometers of gold atoms over the sample was used to make the surface electronically conductive for the NanoSIMS. Hence, polluted and unpolluted samples of Hedera helix and substrates were obtained following a careful procedure that allowed for the discrimination between polluted and nonpolluted ones. Nanoscale spatial resolution was an invaluable tool (NanoSIMS) to achieve this, and proved that VOCs, such as bromotoluene, were actually trapped by plants such as Hedera helix.     

Nonideal transport of contaminants in heterogeneous porous media: 10. Impact of co-solutes on sorption by porous media with low organic-carbon contents

The impact of co-solutes on sorption of tetrachloroethene (PCE) by two porous media with low organic-carbon contents was examined by conducting batch experiments. The two media (Borden and Eustis) have similar physical properties, but significantly different organic-carbon (OC) contents. Sorption of PCE was nonlinear for both media, and well-described by the Freundlich equation. For the Borden aquifer material (OC = 0.03%), the isotherms measured with a suite of co-solutes present (1,2-dichlorobenzene, bromoform, carbon tetrachloride, and hexachloroethane) were identical to the isotherms measured for PCE alone. These results indicate that there was no measurable impact of the co-solutes on PCE sorption for this system. In contrast to the Borden results, there was a measurable reduction in sorption of PCE by the Eustis soil (OC = 0.38%) in the presence of the co-solutes. The organic-carbon fractions of both media contain hard-carbon components, which have been associated with the manifestation of nonideal sorption phenomena. The disparity in results observed for the two media may relate to relative differences in the magnitude and geochemical nature of these hard-carbon components.     

Degradation of paracetamol by advance oxidation processes using modified reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes with TiO2 and CuO/TiO2/Al2O3

The degradation of paracetamol in aqueous solutions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was carried out by photochemistry, electrolysis and photoelectrolysis using modified 100 pores per inch reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes. The electrodes were coated with catalysts such as TiO₂ and CuO/TiO₂/Al₂O₃ by electrophoresis followed by heat treatment. The results of the electrolysis with bare reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes show that 90% paracetamol degradation occurs in 4 h at 1.3 V vs. SCE, forming intermediates such as benzoquinone and carboxylic acids followed by their complete mineralisation. When the electrolysis was carried out with the modified electrodes such as TiO₂/RVC, 90% degradation was achieved in 2 h while with CuO/TiO₂/Al₂O₃/RVC, 98% degradation took only 1 h. The degradation was also carried out in the presence of UV reaching 95% degradation with TiO₂/RVC/UV and 99% with CuO/TiO₂/Al₂O₃/RVC/UV in 1 h. The reactions were followed by spectroscopy UV-Vis, HPLC and total organic carbon analysis. These studies show that the degradation of paracetamol follows a pseudo-first order reaction kinetics.     

改性多壁碳纳米管对水中Cd~（2＋）的去除

为了增加多壁碳纳米管（multiwall carbon nanotubers,MWNTs）对水中Cd2＋的吸附量,使用混酸对多壁碳纳米管进行氧化处理,采用红外光谱进行结果表征,并探讨了吸附时间、pH值和MWNTs的使用量、Cd2＋的浓度及干扰离子对镉离子吸附的影响。结果表明,吸附时间为1.5 h、pH为5.3、吸附效果最佳,随MWNTs量的增加Cd2＋去除量增加,共存的阳离子会降低对Cd2＋的吸附效果,对Cd2＋的吸附符合Longmuir吸附定律。研究同时表明,pH小于2时Cd2＋能容易从碳纳米管上解吸。初步探讨了Cd2＋吸附机制。