基于MGWR的黄河流域土壤有机碳密度和影响因素分析

土壤有机碳作为最大陆地碳库,其空间分布特征和影响因素对于全球碳循环过程具有重要影响.基于土壤有机碳密度数据,结合环境因子,使用多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）模型预测了黄河流域土壤有机碳密度（SOCD）和影响因素.结果表明：①黄河流域0~20 cm和0~100 cm的SOCD范围分别为0~14.82 kg ·m^-2和0~32.39kg ·m^-2,均值分别为3.48 kg ·m^-2和8.07kg ·m^-2,储量则分别为2.76 Pg和6.48 Pg;②各生态系统类型中,0~20 cm的SOCD从大到小依次为：森林>水体与湿地>其他>草地>农田>聚落>荒漠,0~100 cm的SOCD从大到小依次为：水体与湿地>森林>其他>草地>农田>聚落>荒漠,SOCR从大到小皆为：草地>农田>森林>荒漠>水体与湿地>聚落>其他;③黄河流域SOCD的分布主要受常数项、剖面曲率、NDVI和降水的影响,曲率和粉砂对深层的SOCD的分布也具有重要影响;此外,降水、NDVI和常数项（除森林外）是影响各生态系统的主要因素,曲率和粉砂则仅对荒漠和其他生态系统具有重要影响.研究结果得出了黄河流域SOCD的空间分布和影响因素,可为黄河流域碳平衡、土壤质量评价和生态治理恢复与巩固提升提供科学依据.     

碳减排背景下我国与世界主要能源消费国能源消费结构与模式对比

选取2020年世界能源消费量累积占比达80%的前23个国家作为研究对象,通过从一次能源清洁化率、化石能源清洁利用率和电能占终端能源消费率角度对其能源消费结构进行对比研究,从单位GDP能耗、人均能耗和单位国土面积能耗角度,结合产业结构和分部门能源消费构成,对其能源消费强度进行深入分析,探讨各国在社会经济运行与生产生活中的能源消费模式,提出能源消费自然碳汇承载负荷比概念,指出我国在碳达峰与碳中和目标下能源消费模式转型面临的优势与挑战.结果表明,我国一次能源清洁化率、发电用能占比、化石能源清洁化利用率和电能占终端能耗比分别达到15.90%、53.48%、37.51%和26.54%,均在世界主要能源消费国家中处于前列,已经架构起良好的能源集约化和清洁化利用结构基础;非工农业能源消费占比尤其是仅为14.09%的交通能源占比在主要能源消费国中最低,已经形成了具有相对优势的绿色低碳能源消费模式;基于产业结构优化潜在的总体能源生产率还有较大提升空间;但相对较短的碳达峰与碳中和目标期对清洁能源发展速度与规模提出了巨大挑战,碳排放约束下的国际形势对我国通过优化调整产业结构实现降碳目标也增加了难度.     

低碳经济视角下的城市圈土地节约集约利用评价研究——基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型

从低碳经济视角出发,运用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型对武汉城市圈低碳土地节约基于利用水平进行了评价研究.结果显示,各市低碳土地节约集约利用水平差异较大,发展极不协调,难以有效地实现城市圈协同发展.武汉城市圈应以整体效益最大化为目标,注重保护环境与经济增长相结合,大力发展低碳经济,以协同发展促进低碳土地利用.     

近十年来大理州旅游业碳足迹演变分析（2000-2011年）

应用以生命周期为原理的碳足迹评价方法,以云南省大理白族自治州旅游业发展为研究对象,计算得出游客在2000-2011年交通、住宿、饮食、游览、娱乐、购物六个方面所留下的碳足迹.研究结果表明,交通和游购娱的碳足迹总量占比重较大,说明大理州旅游业依然停留在传统观光旅游阶段.通过分析大理州旅游业发展面临的问题,在些基础上提出了促进大理州低碳旅游发展的策略.     

Feasibility of metabolic parameter estimation in pharmacokinetic models of carbon tetrachloride exposure in rats1

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a toxic chemical that was once used in degreasers and detergents, and some remnants of the chemical may be present in the water supply. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling can assist in understanding resulting internal doses of CCl₄ after exposure, but the pharmacokinetic parameters describing the metabolism of CCl₄ are not well characterized. The goal of this study was to provide insights into how to more accurately estimate these values in rats using PBPK modeling and data from previous studies. Three different PBPK models were constructed to describe CCl₄ exposure in rats via inhalation, oral ingestion, and venous injection. Each of these models was compared to data, and sensitivity analysis was performed for each model to determine whether the available data could be used to accurately determine the metabolic parameters of interest. These parameter sensitivities were so low that optimization to the available data yielded physiologically unrealistic results. Model sensitivities were analyzed for different doses and routes of exposure in order to find experimental conditions that would allow for greater identifiability of the metabolic parameters. Data were simulated from these models at optimal conditions with varying levels of noise from a normal distribution. Optimizations were then performed to confirm that the original values could be obtained. The experiments developed are left as suggestions for investigators who wish to further pursue estimating these metabolic parameters.     

光伏企业低碳发展目标指标和实施路径研究

企业低碳发展是实现低碳经济的重要途径，有助于企业降低生产和运营成本，提升企业竞争力。结合国内外企业低碳发展经验和国内低碳发展政策背景，以光伏企业为案例，通过调查企业碳排放数据，建立企业低碳发展目标和关键目标指标体系，研究了企业低碳发展的实施路径，并提出企业低碳发展的建议和思考。     

青海桥头铝电有限公司炭素企业安全管理经验

从安全管理网络的建立、定期安全活动、事故预想的开展、安全目标责任制的落实、安全素质教育的推行、安全文化建设、营造安全氛围等8个方面,对青海桥头铝电有限公司安全管理工作经验进行了介绍.     

废活性炭微波再生新工艺的研究

提出用微波加热一二氧化碳活化法再生乙酸乙烯合成用触媒载体废活性炭工艺。采用条件实验法研究了活化时间、二氧化碳流量和微波功率对活性炭碘吸附值，亚甲基蓝吸附值和再生得率的影响，得到微波辐射加热二氧化碳活化再生乙酸乙烯用触媒载体废活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间25min，二氧化碳流量0．2L／min，微波功率700w。在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1158．02mg／g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为240mv,／g、得率为74．19％。并对活性炭进行了比表面积的测定和孔结构的分析，活性炭的比表面积为1308．13m^2／g，总孔容为0．76mL／g。     

Differences in nitrous oxide fluxes from red soil under different land uses in mid-subtropical China

Red soil may play an important role in nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions due to its recent land use change pattern. To predict the land use change effect on N₂O emissions, we examined the relationship between soil N₂O flux and environmental determinants in four different types of land uses in subtropical red soil. During two years of study (January 2005-January 2007), biweekly N₂O fluxes were measured from 09:00 to 11:00 a.m. using static closed chamber method. Objectives were to estimate the seasonal and annual N₂O flux differences from land use change and, reveal the controlling factors of soil N₂O emission by studying the relationship of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature with soil N₂O flux. Nitrous oxide fluxes were significantly higher in hot-humid season than in the cool-dry season. Significant differences in soil N₂O fluxes were observed among four land uses; 2.9, 1.9 and 1.7 times increased N₂O emissions were observed after conventional land use conversion from woodland to paddy, orchard and upland, respectively. The mean annual budgets of N₂O emission were 0.71-2.21 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from four land use types. The differences were partly attributed to increased fertilizer use in agriculture land uses. In all land uses, N₂O fluxes were positively related to soil temperature and DOC accounting for 22-48% and 30-46% of the seasonal N₂O flux variability, respectively. Nitrous oxide fluxes did significantly correlate with WFPS in orchard and upland only. Nitrous oxide fluxes responded positively to MBC in all land use types except orchard which had the lowest WFPS. We conclude that (1) land use conversion from woodland to agriculture land uses leads to increased soil N₂O fluxes, partly due increased fertilizer use, and (2) irrespective of land use, soil N₂O fluxes are under environmental controls, the main variables being soil temperature and DOC, both of which control the supply of nitrification and denitrification substrates.     

建设用地扩张与碳排放效应的库兹涅茨曲线假说及验证

论文基于无锡市1996—2008年的土地利用和能源消耗数据,分析了无锡市13 a间建设用地扩张及碳排放特征,并构建了建设用地比例与碳排放强度之间的库兹涅茨曲线模型,对无锡市建设用地扩张与碳排放效应之间的相关关系进行了实证研究,尝试验证库兹涅茨曲线在建设用地扩张与碳排放强度之间的存在性。结果表明:①建设用地总量在1996—2008年间迅速增长,绝对增长量44 032.97 hm²,且除了农村居民点逐渐下降以外,其余地类均呈逐年增长态势,无锡市1996—2008年间的碳排放基本上也呈现逐年增长趋势,绝对增长量1 936.38×10⁴ t;②建设用地总量与碳排放强度之间呈倒U型曲线关系,即随着建设用地扩张至拐点后,碳排放强度则逐渐下降,且拐点位于建设用地比例1.91%附近,但是目前仅仅刚开始出现拐点的迹象,表明目前无锡市建设用地扩张还未完全达到集约及精明增长的标准,建设用地扩张对碳排放而言仍然具有较强的推动作用,但是可以预见,随着产业结构调整和能源技术的提高,碳排放强度会逐渐进入下降的阶段;③城市用地与碳排放强度之间为三次曲线关系,建制镇用地、农村居民点用地与碳排放强度之间分别为正相关和负相关线性关系,其他建设用地与碳排放强度之间则存在一种不明显的库兹涅茨曲线关系。建设用地地类组成的不同会导致不同形态的库兹涅茨曲线,由于城市用地和建制镇用地对碳排放具有明显的驱动作用,其比例的提高亦会促使库兹涅茨曲线更加陡峭,并延缓库兹涅茨曲线拐点的到来。