Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers’ health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92%–100%, 91%–104%, and 0.26–0.82 ng/m³, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159–0.2828 mg/m³ with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m³. The average concentrations of form aldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m³, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043–0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1) 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

杂多化合物脱硫化氢动力学研究

在双搅拌、无浓度梯度气液反应器中考察了磷钼杂多化合物吸收H2S过程的宏观动力学行为.结果表明,吸收剂浓度提高,脱硫效果增强,当磷钼酸钠浓度超过6.25×10-3mol/L后,单一与复配体系对H2S的吸收速率均趋恒定.从工业操作角度来看,6.25×10-3mol/L是适宜的操作浓度温度提高,吸收效果略有降低,但变化幅度不大,实际操作温度可选择常温;进气H2S浓度提高,吸收效果增强.两种脱硫体系中,以复配体系脱硫性能为优.实验测得25℃下反应器中H2S的气、液相传质系数分别为:kGH-2S =8.201×10-10kmol/(m2.s.Pa),kLH-2S=3.440×10-4m/s.吸收反应对磷钼酸钠及硫化氢的反应级数分别为0.339与1.055.     

珠江三角洲一些城市水体中微量有机氯化合物的初步分析

采用较快速、简便的方法，用ＧＣ／ＥＣＤ对珠江三角洲几个城市中的污水及深圳河，大沙河中的有机氯化合物进行了初步探查及半定量分析。结果表明，几种有机氯农药尽管已停止生产多年，但在污水及河水中仍有残留，其中ＤＤＴ及其衍生物ＤＤＥ含量在０．０２－０．５０μｇ／Ｌ范围内；ＢＨＣｓ在０．０４－０．７２μｇ／Ｌ范围内，氯苯类化合物及ＰＣＢｓ在污水及不中也被检出。     

大气中挥发性苯系物的Carbotrap吸附气相色谱法

本文研究以Ｃａｒｂｏｔｒａｐ作吸附剂，在常温采集大气中挥发性苯系物，直接采用热脱附气相色谱分析。对新型吸附剂Ｃａｒｂｏｔｒａｐ的采样－脱附－分析精度，回收率，突破体积等作了试验。本法具有灵敏度高，操作简单，不需复杂的样品预处理，色谱峰好，吸附剂可反复使用等优点。可对大气中１０－９级苯系物进行测定，ＲＳＤ≤３．５％。     

Robust magnetic laccase-mimicking nanozyme for oxidizing o-phenylenediamine and removing phenolic pollutants

In this study, we report a novel magnetic biomimetic nanozyme(Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP(guanosine5′-monophosphate)) with high laccase-like activity, which could oxidize toxic ophenylenediamine(OPD) and remove phenolic compounds.The magnetic laccase-like nanozyme was readily obtained via complexed Cu~(2+)and GMP that grew on the surface of magnetic Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles.The prepared Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP catalyst could be magnetically recycled for at least five cycles while still retaining above 70% activity.As a laccase mimic,Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP had more activity and robust stability than natural laccase for the oxidization of OPD.Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP retained about 90% residual activity at 90℃ and showed little change at pH 3–9, and the nanozyme kept its excellent activity after long-term storage.Meanwhile, Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP had better activity for removing phenolic compounds, and the removal of naphthol was more than 95%.Consequently, the proposed Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP nanozyme shows potential for use as a robust catalyst for applications in environmental remediation.     

Assay of some volatile compounds in human exhalation

ＡｓａｙｏｆｓｏｍｅｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｉｎｈｕｍａｎｅｘｈａｌａｔｉｏｎＱｉｎＴａｏ，ＸｕＸｉａｏｂａｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅ...     

Quantitative structure activity relationships for carp kidney ATPase endpoint

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｏｓｔｏｆｎｉｔｒｏａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｓａｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ.ＴｈｅｃａｒｐｉｓｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｆｉｓｈｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｖｅｓｔａｎ?..     

水环境中痕量有机有害物质的监测

论述了水中有机有害物质的监测,实质上是一项复杂系统的痕量分析课题。重点评述了痕量富集、色谱分离与监测、综合分析的主要进展。     

造气含氰废水的生物治理

在塔式生物滤池生产性处理规模上考察了造气含氰废水在挂膜前后的处理效果。比较结果表明，未挂过氰化物的平均处理率仅为７９．２９％，挂膜后的处理率平均为９５．２６％，处理后的废水全部回用于生产，减少了氰化物的排放量，防止了造气废水对环境的污染。