氧化铝表面处理对吸附腐殖酸的影响

采用酸、碱和金属盐表面修饰处理,影响氧化铝表面结构和成份分布,以达到提高吸附性能的目的。研究表明,经酸处理和酸性条件下的钙镁修饰处理的氧化铝,其对腐殖酸的吸附能力比Al-500分别提高32.3％和23.8％。同时,就改性氧化铝去除腐殖酸的影响条件、动力学、热力学性能进行了讨论。     

氧化铝吸附水中腐殖酸的研究

讨论了氧化铝对腐殖酸的吸附性能,以及吸附操作条件的影响。结果表明,500℃以上的热处理,可有效地提高氧化铝水合物对腐殖酸的吸附效果;中性偏酸的溶液和吸附质溶液中铝离子的存在,可明显提高腐殖酸的去除率;氧化铝对腐殖酸有较快的去除速度,在22.3mgTOC/l的浓度范围内,腐殖酸去除量与其浓度呈线性相关。     

A primary study of nitrous oxide emission in agriculture region of Northern China

Significance of nitrous oxide in atmospheric chemistry is reviewed briefly. Background concentration of N2O at Wudaoliang in Qinghai Province of Western China has been measured by collecting gas samples and analysing them with electron capture-gas chromatography. The atmospheric concentration fluctuates in the range of 303-315 ppb with the mean value of 308 ppb. The emission rate of N2O in agriculture region of Northern China has been studied primarily. Fertilization, rain and temperature of soil appear conductible to N2O emission. The interactions between greenhouse effect and N2O emission have been discussed. The catalytic action of N2O in stratospheric ozone depletion processes and the effect of high N2O concentration on ozone depletion in stratosphere have been considered and discussed.     

富氧条件下氢部分选择性催化还原NO研究

研制成功了低钯含量活性非均布Pd Al2 O3催化剂 ,实现了富氧条件下 ,氢部分选择性催化还原NO过程。实验表明在该催化剂上 ,低温、富氧条件下NO的转化率高达 80 %～ 10 0 %。室温下 (～ 2 0℃ ) ,NO对氢氧反应有强烈的抑制作用 ,氢氧反应进行后 ,NO还原反应开始明显进行 ,其与氢氧反应为竞争的平行反应     

DNDC模型在长江三角洲农田生态系统的CH4和N2O排放量估算中的应用

长江三角洲是我国农业发达地区之一 ,其农业生产所排放的CH4 和N2 O ,早已引起了研究者的重视 .本研究在分析总结现有的野外观测结果的基础上 ,验证了估算区域痕量气体排放量的生物地球化学模型DNDC ,估算出长江三角洲地区的CH4 和N2 O排放量分别为 1 69( 1 2 9～ 2 0 9)Tg·a-1和 0 0 1 9( 0 0 1 4～ 0 0 2 4 )Tg·a-1,分别占全国农田CH4 和N2 O排放量的 1 6 7%和 6 1 % .     

柴油机排气控制的研究进展

伴随着柴油机排放标准的日益严格,柴油机排气控制愈来愈受到重视。对降低柴油机微粒和NOx排放的发动机改造、燃料改进和排气后处理技术进行了综述,并指出了今后的努力方向。     

涂铁砂吸附镉的动力学研究

研究了10℃,20℃,40℃的温度下,涂铁砂(Iron oxide coated sand,简称IOCS)对镉的吸附动力学。镉在IOCS表面的吸附可分为两个阶段,吸附反应的前60min为快速吸附阶段,60min后,吸附速率明显变慢。温度升高加快了镉在IOCS表面的吸附速率。用Elovich动力学模型,准一级反应模型,准二级反应模型,二级反应模型和粒内扩散动力学模型对实验数据进行回归分析,准二级反应模型能更好地描述镉在IOCS表面的吸附,各吸附模型的模拟优劣顺序为:准二级模型>二级模型>Elovich模型>准一级模型>粒内扩散模型。     

Competitive role of nitrogen functionalities of N doped GO and sensitizing effect of Bi2O3 QDs on TiO2 for water remediation

The promising solar irradiated photocatalyst by pairing of bismuth oxide quantum dots (BQDs) doped TiO₂ with nitrogen doped graphene oxide (NGO) nanocomposite (NGO/BQDs-TiO₂) was fabricated. It was used for degradation of organic pollutants like 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and stable dyes, i.e. Rhodamine B and Congo Red. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile of NGO showed reduction in oxygenic functional groups and restoring of graphitic crystal structure. The characteristic diffraction peaks of TiO₂ and its composites showed crystalline anatase TiO₂. Morphological images represent spherical shaped TiO₂ evenly covered with BQDs spread on NGO sheet. The surface linkages of $\text{NO}?\mathrm{O}?\text{Ti}$, $\mathrm{C}?\mathrm{O}?\text{Ti}$, $\mathrm{B}\mathrm{i}?\mathrm{O}?\text{Ti}$ and vibrational modes are observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman studies. BQDs and NGO modified TiO₂ results into red shifting in visible region as studied in diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). NGO and BQDs in TiO₂ are linked with defect centers which reduced the recombination of free charge carriers by quenching of photoluminescence (PL) intensities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that no peak related to $\mathrm{C}?\mathrm{O}$ in NGO/BQDs-TiO₂ is observed. This indicated that doping of nitrogen into GO has reduced some oxygen functional groups. Nitrogen functionalities in NGO and photosensitizing effect of BQDs in ternary composite have improved photocatalytic activity against organic pollutants. Intermediate byproducts during photo degradation process of 2,4-DCP were studied through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Study of radical scavengers indicated that ${\mathrm{O}}_2^{·?}$ has significant role for degradation of 2,4-DCP. Our investigations propose that fabricated nanohybrid architecture has potential for degradation of environmental pollutions.     

除草剂对氮肥反硝化损失与N2O排放的影响

在华北平原潮土上,采用原状土柱培养乙炔抑制法研究玉米地氮肥反硝化损失和N2O排放量以及喷施3种除草剂(乙莠、丁莠和旱锄)的影响.结果表明,氮肥的反硝化损失量为2.66kgN/hm2,占施肥量的1.77%;氮肥产生的N2O排放量为3.14kgN/hm2,占施氮量的2.09%,反硝化不是该地区旱作系统氮肥损失的主要途径,但氮肥的施用大大增加N2O排放量.喷施除草剂显著或极显著降低氮肥的N2O排放量和反硝化损失量,比单施尿素处理分别降低2.01~2.85kgN/hm2和2.56~3.16kgN/hm2.     

复合氧化物用于汽车排气催化氧化的实验研究

本文制备出一种非贵金属复合氧化物催化剂 ,可用于治理汽车排气中的 CO和 HC,初步研究了其对 CO和 C3 H6的催化氧化效果 ,实验结果表明 ,该催化剂具有较好的催化氧化能力