Hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic graphene oxide membrane intercalated by TiO2 nanotubes for oil/water separation

GO/TiO₂ membrane was prepared by assembling GO nanosheets and TiO₂ nanotubes. The intercalation of TiO₂ nanotubes enlarged the space of GO interlayers and modified the surface morphology. Hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic property of GO/TiO₂ membrane was obtained. Water permeability, hydrophilicity, oleophobicity and antifouling ability of GO-based membrane were all enhanced by intercalating TiO₂ nontubes. Membrane technology for oil/water separation has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane with enhanced water permeability and antifouling ability were fabricated by synergistically assembling graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes for oil/water separation. GO/TiO₂ membrane exhibits hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties with water contact angle of 62° and under water oil contact angle of 162.8°. GO/TiO₂ membrane shows greater water permeability with the water flux up to 531 L/(m²·h·bar), which was more than 5 times that of the pristine GO membrane. Moreover, GO/TiO₂membrane had excellent oil/water separation efficiency and anti-oil-fouling capability, as oil residual in filtrate after separation was below 5 mg/L and flux recovery ratios were over 80%.The results indicate that the intercalation of TiO₂ nanotubes into adjacent GO nanosheets enlarged the channel structure and modified surface topography of the obtained GO/TiO₂ membranes, which improved the hydrophilicity, permeability and anti-oil-fouling ability of the membranes, enlightening the great prospects of GO/TiO₂ membrane in oil-water treatment.     

催化脱除氮氧化物研究进展

消除氮氧化物污染是环境保护中的一项重要课题。催化脱除氮氧化物一直是人们解决上述课题应用的主要方法。本文对催化脱除法中应用的各种催化剂的研究进展状况作一回顾和总结     

氧化物修饰电极降解有机污染物的电催化特性

采用高温热解氧化沉积法将金属氧化物SnO₂, RuO₂, Cr₂O₃, PdO修饰到钛基体表面,制备得到4种金属氧化物修饰电极.比较4种电极氧化降解苯、苯甲酸、苯酚、苯胺、硝基苯以及甲基橙染料6种有机污染物的氧化电流效率,结果表明,电极在各种介质中的析氧电位和氧化反应传递系数(β值)是衡量电极能否有效处理有机污染物废水的两个重要指标,其中SnO₂电极的析氧电位最高,PbO电极的b值最大,SnO₂电极的β 值次之.这为研制和筛选高效催化电极提供了理论依据.     

沉积物和土壤中磷的生物有效性评估新方法

利用自制的氧化铁/醋酸纤维素复合膜(FeO/CAM)发展了一种沉积物和土壤磷的生物有效性评估的新方法. 结果表明:从沉积物和土壤中解吸的生物有效磷(FeO-P)含量随时间增加而增加,至16～20h左右,解吸过程接近平衡;随着土/水比增大而减小,至20～30g/L左右逐渐趋于平缓,且相对标准偏差较小;膜面积为20～30cm²时FeO-P含量差别较小,且相对标准偏差也较小;适当提高振荡频率(一般200r/min左右),有利于促进FeO-P的提取动力学过程.在用于评估水体沉积物和土壤解吸磷的生物有效性方面,FeO/CAM膜克服了氧化铁浸渍滤纸的缺点,易于商品化,具有更好的应用前景.     

纳米氧化锌的制备及其对对硝基氯苯的降解

采用蒸发氧化法制备纳米ZnO。当炉温为1100℃、空气流量为0．6m^3／h、锌粒加入量为5g时,得到高纯度类四锥体和柱形纳米ZnO。以该ZnO为光催化剂,对对硝基氯苯进行光催化氧化,考察了ZnO的加入量、对硝基氯苯的初始浓度、溶液pH等对对硝基氯苯降解率的影响。在ZnO质量浓度为0．5g／L、对硝基氯苯质量浓度为30mg／L、pH为7、光照时间为100min的条件下,对硝基氯苯降解率为98％。     

同步硝化反硝化处理氨氮废水过程中气态脱氮产物的研究

采用密闭的间歇式反应器对高质量浓度氨氮废水在同步硝化反硝化(SND)生物脱氮过程中产生的3种氮氧化物气体(NO,NO2和N2O)进行跟踪测试.结果表明,在由反应器排出的气体中,ρ(NO2)不高于实验室背景值,在脱氮产物中可忽略不计,而ρ(NO)和ρ(N2O)要高于背景值10倍以上.对于该脱氮系统,在低ρ(DO)和高pH的条件下产生的N2O相对较少.ρ(DO)为1.5～3.0 mg/L时,以NO和N2O形式脱除的氮分别占脱氮总量的0.58%和6.53%;ρ(DO) 为2.5～4.0 mg/L时,分别为0.48%和39.34%.此外,还分析了可实施的N2O控逸途径.      

城市生活垃圾与煤循环流化床混烧N2O排放规律研究

氧化亚氮会对全球气候变化造成不良影响,这促使世界各国对燃煤系统的N2O排放进行一系列研究,本针对我国垃圾特性,在0.2MWth循环流化床装置上进行了垃圾与煤混烧实验,研究了在混烧过程中垃圾与煤掺烧比例及床层温度变化对N2O排放浓度的影响,实验结果显示,掺烧比例较低时,N2O排放浓度迅速降低,随着掺烧比例增加,N2O排放浓度略有升高,当垃圾与煤掺烧比例恒定时,随床温增加,N2O排放浓度呈下降趋势。     

Oxidation catalyst of iron oxide suppressing dioxin formation in polyethylene combustion

A new iron oxide catalyst, which has a superior oxidation activity in carbon monoxide and polyethylene (PE) combustion, was synthesized by an aqueous solution reaction. Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over six kinds of hematite obtained from the goethite was done using a microcatalytic pulse reactor, and the composition of the hematite with the highest oxidation activity was determined. With the aim of suppressing dioxin formation on combustion, incineration tests of solid wastes in PE refuse bags with and without the goethite were carried out using a commercial semibatch-type incinerator with a combustion chamber of 6.2 m³. The result confirmed that the concentration of dioxins in the flue gas decreased considerably when the refuse was incinerated in PE bags manufactured with goethite. Received: July 24, 2000 / Accepted: October 18, 2000     

利用含砷氧化锌尘制备活性氧化锌

用NH3-（NH4）2SO4溶液浸取处理含砷氧化锌尘,可彻底清除砷,制备出合格的活性氧化锌。对于含砷质量分类为1%-2%的原料,产品中所含砷质量分数可降至0.0005%以下。该方法具有除砷彻底,不易产生二次污染的优点,为含砷氧化锌尘的综合利用提供了一种新方法。     

An estimate of the contribution of outdoor concrete yards used by livestock to the UK inventories of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane

Many farms have unroofed concrete yards used by livestock. These concrete yards have received little attention as sources of gaseous emissions. From 1997 to 1999 measurements were made of emissions of ammonia (NH₃), nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) from 11 concrete yards used by livestock. A postal survey was carried out to assess the areas of yards on farms in England and Wales to enable the measurements to be scaled up to estimate national emissions. Using the results of this study NH₃-N emissions from farm concrete yards were calculated to be ca. 35×10³ t annually. This is 13% of the current estimated total NH₃-N emission from UK livestock. Concrete yards were an insignificant source of N₂O and CH₄ which were both <0.01% of current estimates of agricultural emissions.