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921.
Policy makers often must rely on the cumulative impact of independent actions taken by local landowners to achieve environmental
goals. The connection between policy, regulation, and local action, however, is often not well understood and, thus, the impact
of proposed policies may be difficult to predict. In this study we evaluate the effectiveness of alternative policy scenarios
for agricultural set aside programs (e.g., the conservation reserve program administered by the United States Department of
Agriculture) in reducing nonpoint pollution. Two alternative policy scenarios are developed and analyzed; one based on the
erodibility index (detachment), the other sediment yield (transport). An estimate of the cumulative impact of associated land
use change on nonpoint pollution is made using the AGNPS distributed parameter watershed model. This work is completed within
the Cypress Creek watershed in southern Illinois. An analysis of the resulting data suggests that the most efficacious regulatory
strategy for achieving nonpoint water pollution goals depends, in part, on place-specific land use patterns. This conclusion
provides a solid argument for place-based regulatory strategies. 相似文献
922.
Evaluation of groundwater and soil pollution in a landfill area using electrical resistivity imaging survey 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Landfills are sources of groundwater and soil pollution due to the production of leachate and its migration through refuse.
This study was conducted in order to determine the extent of groundwater and soil pollution within and around the landfill
of Seri Petaling located in the State of Selangor, Malaysia. The condition of nearby surface water was also determined. An
electrical resistivity imaging survey was used to investigate the leachate production within the landfill. Groundwater geochemistry
was carried out and chemical analysis of water samples was conducted upstream and downstream of the landfill. Surface water
was also analyzed in order to determine its quality.
Soil chemical analysis was performed on soil samples taken from different locations within and around the landfill in the
vadose zone (unsaturated zone) and below the water table (in the soil saturated zone). The resistivity image along line L–L1 indicated the presence of large zones of decomposed waste bodies saturated with highly conducting leachate. Analysis of trace
elements indicated their presence in very low concentrations and did not reflect any sign of heavy metal pollution of ground
and surface water or of soil.
Major ions represented by Na, K, and Cl were found in anomalous concentrations in the groundwater of the downstream bore hole,
where they are 99.1%, 99.2%, and 99.4%, respectively, higher compared to the upstream bore hole. Electrical conductivity (EC)
was also found in anomalous concentration downstream. Ca and Mg ions represent the water hardness (which is comparatively
high downstream). There is a general trend of pollution towards the downstream area. Sulfates (SO4) and nitrates (NO3) are found in the area in low concentrations, even below the WHO standards for drinking water, but are significantly higher
in the surface water compared to the groundwater. Phosphate (PO4) and nitrite (NO2), although present in low levels, are significantly higher at the downstream. There is no significant difference in the amount
of fluoride (F) in the different locations. In the soil vadose zone, heavy metals were found to be in their typical normal
ranges and within the background concentrations. Soil exchangeable bases were significantly higher in the soil saturated zone
compared to the vadose zone, and no significant difference was obtained in the levels of inorganic pollutants. With the exception
of Cd, the concentration ranges of all trace elements (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Ni) of Seri Petaling landfill soils were below
the upper limits of baseline concentrations published from different sources. 相似文献
923.
/ Environmental regulatory agencies are responsible for protecting human health and the environment in their constituencies. Their responsibilities include the identification, evaluation, and cleanup of contaminated sites. Leaking underground storage tanks (USTs) constitute a major source of subsurface and groundwater contamination. A significant portion of a regulatory body's efforts may be directed toward the management of UST-contaminated sites. In order to manage remedial sites effectively, vast quantities of information must be maintained, including analytical dataon chemical contaminants, remedial design features, and performance details. Currently, most regulatory agencies maintain such information manually. This makes it difficult to manage the data effectively. Some agencies have introduced automated record-keeping systems. However, the ad hoc approach in these endeavors makes it difficult to efficiently analyze, disseminate, and utilize the data. This paper identifies the information requirements for UST-contaminated site management at the Waste Cleanup Section of the Department of Environmental Resources Management in Dade County, Florida. It presents a viable design for an information management system to meet these requirements. The proposed solution is based on a back-end relational database management system with relevant tools for sophisticated data analysis and data mining. The database is designed with all tables in the third normal form to ensure data integrity, flexible access, and efficient query processing. In addition to all standard reports required by the agency, the system provides answers to ad hoc queries that are typically difficult to answer under the existing system. The database also serves as a repository of information for a decision support system to aid engineering design and risk analysis. The system may be integrated with a geographic information system for effective presentation and dissemination of spatial data. 相似文献
924.
925.
丽江古城水环境现状与调控对策研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
水环境是丽江世界文化遗产地生态地质环境的重要组成部分。由于丽江城市化进程加快,对水环境保护不力,导致古城水污染加剧、水资源量衰减、景观生态用水不足和景观水质下降。通过强化水环境研究,加强水环境立法,进行水生态环境综合治理;实施以调剂古城周边地下泉水为主,拉市海调水为辅的丽江古城景观调水方案,可保护丽江古城水环境,为丽江古城世界文化遗产地的可持续发展提供保证。 相似文献
926.
目前,巢湖流域非点源污染问题突出。着眼于畜牧业和环境的协调发展,通过对研究区畜牧业生产的实地考查、分析和计算得出结论:畜牧业生产的快速发展、不合理和未加利用的畜牧粪便及畜牧业产品生产加工过程中产生的有机污物是巢湖流域非点源污染的重要原因,来源于畜牧业生产的非点源污染的氮就足以使巢湖水质劣于Ⅲ类标准。最后探讨了解决巢湖富营养化的控制措施。 相似文献
927.
928.
929.
突发性环境污染事故具有不确定性,因此要求应急监测准备工作常备不懈;应急监测准备和响应贯穿于事前、事发、事后几个阶段,包括日常准备、应急监测、结果发布、跟踪监测、经验总结等主要环节。 相似文献
930.
本文论述了辽宁省特有污染因子硼、钼的污染现状及加强排污监管的必要性;提出了制定硼、钼排污收费标准对完善排污收费标准和强化环境监管具有重要意义。 相似文献