锦州地区地下水饮用水源污染因素及防治对策研究

通过对锦州地区地下水饮用水源水质监测数据分析,评价地下水饮用水源水质现状;针对部分水源水质超标现象,分析其成因,并在实地考察的基础上从工矿企业污染源、生活污染源、养殖业污染源、农业污染源和不合理开采等几方面进一步阐述水源地潜在污染因素;在此基础上从预防、治理、生态修复及加强监管等方面提出地下水饮用水源污染防治对策。     

Emission estimation and congener-specific characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from various stationary and mobile sources

Here we show that combustion sources, including waste incinerators, metallurgical processes, power-heating systems and so on, are also important emitters of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to the atmosphere. Geometric mean PBDE concentrations in the stack flue gases of the combustion sources ranged from 8.07 to 469 ng/Nm³. The sinter plants (24.7 mg/h), electric arc furnaces (EAFs) (11.3 mg/h) and power plants (50.8 mg/h) possessed the largest PBDE emission rates, which were several orders higher than those of the other reported sources. The occurrences of the PBDEs in the flue gases of the power plants and vehicles, as well as their PBDE concentrations statistically highly correlated with combustion-originated PCDD/Fs, revealing that PBDEs should be the products of combustion. The ranking of major PBDE emission sources in Taiwanese PBDE inventory for combustion sources was power plants (30.85 kg/year), vehicles (14.9 kg/year) and metallurgical processes (5.88 kg/year).     

大麦秸秆化感作用方法对农村饮水水源的藻类控制分析

就缺水地区农村饮水水源中藻类控制,介绍了生物化感作用这一处理方法及其原理,提出使用大麦秸秆来进行农村小型池塘的藻类控制方法。实验结果表明,此方法操作简便、效果明显,并具有管理维护简单、运行费用低廉等优势,值得在农村或山区等缺水地区大力推广。     

工业源VOCs防治技术浅析

工业源是城市大气环境中VOCs的一项重要来源。从源头控制、过程控制、末端治理和精细管控4个方面介绍了工业源VOCs的防治方法,以期为VOCs的污染防治提供科学依据。     

城市土壤和地表灰尘重金属污染研究进展与展望

随着城市化和工业化的不断推进,城市土壤和地表灰尘重金属污染日趋严重,对城市环境和人类健康构成威胁,已成为国内外城市环境研究的热点问题.从重金属污染水平及其时空特征、污染源解析方法、生态和健康风险这3个主要方面,对国内外城市土壤和地表灰尘重金属研究成果进行了梳理和归纳.分析了当前研究存在的不足,并对未来研究进行了展望,即研究土壤和地表灰尘重金属在不同条件下的相互影响机制,通过丰富验证方法加强重金属来源解析模型结果的可靠性研究,加强来源驱动下重金属化学形态差异和地表灰尘短期累积污染过程的研究,完善暴露参数并深入探究重金属的化学形态对其生态和健康风险的影响,以提高风险预测水平.     

电离辐射处理工业废水的研究进展

在介绍电离辐射降解污染物机理的基础上,概述了电离辐射在水处理中的应用,重点讲述了影响污染物辐照降解的因素,包括水质（污染物初始浓度、pH值、溶剂性质和自由基清除剂）和辐射源（辐射源种类和辐照剂量率）两方面的影响,并讲述了污染物的辐照降解模型.最后提出电离辐射在水处理中存在的问题,对其研究和发展方向进行了展望.     

Estimating receptor sensitivity to spatial proximity of emissions sources

Spatial proximity of emissions sources to receptors may affect sensitivity to potential adverse human health effects. This research investigates whether receptor sensitivity to the location of emission sources can be utilized efficiently to minimize health risk in selecting sites for industrial enterprises, thermal electric stations, etc. A sensitivity function that is independent of the location of pre-existing emission sources is derived and applied to Minsk, Belarus. The function estimates exposures based on weather and climatic conditions as well as the distribution of population density at a given locality. Arraying prospective sites based on their sensitivity function magnitude provides a technique for minimizing health risk based on receptor sensitivity to the spatial proximity of atmospheric emissions sources.     

Sourcing sediment using multiple tracers in the catchment of Lake Argyle,Northwestern Australia

Control of sedimentation in large reservoirs requires soil conservation at the catchment scale. In large, heterogeneous catchments, soil conservation planning needs to be based on sound information, and set within the framework of a sediment budget to ensure that all of the potentially significant sources and sinks are considered. The major sources of sediment reaching the reservoir, Lake Argyle, in tropical northwestern Australia, have been determined by combining measured sediment fluxes in rivers with spatial tracer-based estimates of proportional contributions from tributaries of the main stream entering the lake, the Ord River. The spatial tracers used are mineral particle magnetics, the strontium isotopic ratio, and the neodymium isotopic ratio. Fallout of ¹³⁷Cs has been used to estimate the proportion of the sediment in Lake Argyle eroded from surface soils by sheet and rill erosion, and, by difference, the proportion eroded from subsurface soils by gully and channel erosion. About 96% of the sediment in the reservoir has come from less than 10% of the catchment, in the area of highly erodible soils formed on Cambrian-age sedimentary rocks. About 80% of the sediment in the reservoir has come from gully and channel erosion. A major catchment revegetation program, designed to slow sedimentation in the reservoir, appears to have had little effect because it did not target gullies, the major source of sediment. Had knowledge of the sediment budget been available before the revegetation program was designed, an entirely different approach would have been taken.     

天津市不同后备水资源对比评价研究

为了缓解天津水资源严重短缺的困境,利用层次分析法,从水资源保证程度、调水协调难度、可供水量、工程成本、供水管网改造成本、水质、水处理成本、污水处理难度、生态环境风险等角度对天津市主要后备水源进行了综合对比评价。评价结果认为海水淡化、南水北调中线调水、地下咸水开发、海水直接利用可以作为天津市理想的后备水资源开发方案;上游水库调水、南水北调东线调水、引黄调水可以作为应急后备水源方案;污水处理后主要用作灌溉、生态、景观用水。     

重大工业隐患的地域监控体系研究

系统地分析了重大工业危险源与事故隐患 ;研究了地域监控、预警、应急预案的体系建设以及隐患监控的新技术应用基础 ;提出了职业安全卫生监控体系中的工业危险源和隐患监控。笔者认为 :应该分为过程安全监控和安全目标监控两个层次