Development of a new hydrocarbon index for oil-in-water

A new robust method for determination of hydrocarbons in water without use of Freon^™ or other halogenated solvents has been validated and subjected to an interlaboratory exercise. The method is based on extraction with a light hydrocarbon (boiling point in the 39–69°C range), followed by cleanup for removal of polar components and detection by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionisation (FID) detection. The performance characteristics of the method are comparable with that of the previous Freon-IR method with recoveries in the 60–80% range and reproducibility (between laboratory variations) of about 30%.

A screening method for hydrocarbons in the range 5 ppm and above based on infrared spectroscopy (IR), and a promising method for detection of low levels based on solid phase extraction (SPE) has been tested and validated.     

Stream Discharge and Riparian Land Use Influence In-Stream Concentrations and Loads of Phosphorus from Central Plains Watersheds

Total annual nutrient loads are a function of both watershed characteristics and the magnitude of nutrient mobilizing events. We investigated linkages among land cover, discharge and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, and loads in 25 Kansas streams. Stream monitoring locations were selected from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment stream chemistry long-term monitoring network sites at or near U.S. Geological Survey stream gauges. We linked each sample with concurrent discharge data to improve our ability to estimate TP concentrations and loads across the full range of possible flow conditions. Median TP concentration was strongly linked (R ² = 76%) to the presence of cropland in the riparian zones of the mostly perennial streams. At baseflow, discharge data did not improve prediction of TP, but at high flows discharge was strongly linked to concentration (a threshold response occurred). Our data suggest that on average 88% of the total load occurred during the 10% of the time with the greatest discharge. Modeled reductions in peak discharges, representing increased hydrologic retention, predicted greater decreases in total annual loads than reductions of ambient concentrations because high discharge and elevated phosphorus concentrations had multiplicative effects. No measure of land use provided significant predictive power for concentrations when discharge was elevated or for concentration rise rates under increasing discharge. These results suggest that reductions of baseflow concentrations of TP in streams without wastewater dischargers may be managed by reductions of cropland uses in the riparian corridor. Additional measures may be needed to manage TP annual loads, due to the large percentage of the TP load occurring during a few high-flow events each year.     

广元市饮食业油烟污染现状及防治对策

本文介绍了饮食业油烟污染的危害和油烟净化设备的现状，分析了广元市饮食业油烟污染现状，并提出了饮食业油烟的防治对策。     

低温等离子体联合技术降解甲苯气体的研究

以自制的纳米钛酸钡基介电材料为催化剂,以电工陶瓷拉西环为载体,利用介质阻挡放电产生的低温等离子体对常压下流动态含甲苯的空气进行处理,研究了电场强度、空塔气速、甲苯初始浓度及不同填料情况下甲苯的降解及臭氧产生情况,初步探讨了等离子体联合技术降解甲苯的机制,并进行了产物分析.实验结果表明,甲苯降解率随电场强度的提高而上升,随空塔气速和甲苯初始浓度的增加而降低;随反应器内填料变化,甲苯降解率表现为催化剂填料》普通填料》无填料,其降解率最高可达95%.当电场强度》13.0 kV/cm时,臭氧浓度因受到过量的高能电子攻击而发生分解,表现为臭氧浓度随电场强度的继续增加而降低,故最佳电场强度为13.0 kV/cm.当9.0 kV/cm＜电场强度＜13.0 kV/cm,臭氧产量表现为催化剂填料＞普通填料＞无填料,纳米钛酸钡基介电材料大大增强了臭氧的产量.     

车用清洁燃料LPG,CNG,LNG的合理应用

从环境保护的角度，阐述了控制汽车尾气排放的要求和措施。以及车用清洁燃料ＬＰＧ、ＣＮＧ、ＬＮＧ的适用范围、优越性和使用的安全性，提出了城市发展燃气汽车的总体原则。     

高质量发展新形势下的现有水价制度分析——以某工业园区为例

企业用水、排水量巨大,排水污染成分复杂.在高质量发展新形势要求下现行的水价标准和水环境持续改善目标之间存在不匹配现象.该研究通过问卷调研获得一手数据,运用水平衡模型计算了目标工业园区内企业的真实用水和排水量,并就两档水资源费和污水处理费情境下企业的承受能力进行了分析讨论.结果表明,工业园区企业存在着私自取水和偷排废水情...     

沈阳市饮食业油烟排放现状及油烟测试、分析过程中应注意的问题

结合实际监测数据介绍了沈阳市油烟排放状况,对污染情况进行了分析,对油烟监测、分析方法中的相关问题进行了探讨,提出了油烟污染控制对策及建议。     

住宅建筑污染物排放量及排污费的计算方法

本文阐述了利用各种原辅材料使用量和排放系数的物料衡算方法，计算和收取排污费，可基本解决建筑行业在施工中污染物无规律排放问题，对该行业造成的环境污染会有所抑制．     

我国水污染物排放标准体系调整的比较探讨

从我国水污染物排放标准现状出发，分析其结构特点，剖析了现行排放标准执行过程中的若干问题，并与美国水污染物排放标准体系进行比较，提出适应我国21世纪环境管理需要的水污染物排放标准体系调整的基本设想。主要包括：水污染物排放标准建立在经济可行的技术基础上，脱离与功能区对应的关系，采用吨产品排放限值，缩小综合排放标准扩大行业排放标准，逐步按工艺、产品种类制定排放标准。     

沿江感潮水闸环境引水量的计算方法及实例

墅沟临江水闸对上海嘉宝北片的北引南排以及水资源调度提供了重要保护，本文以墅沟临江水闸为例，采用回归分析法和流量系统法探讨了基于水利调度方案下的沿江水闸环境引水量计算过程，并分析了沿江水闸环境引水量计算的主要影响因子。结果表明：（1）影响墅沟水闸引水量的主要因子是闸门的开度；（2）流量系数可以校正一次过闸流量的影响，但难以反映一潮引水中水闸开度动态变化所产生的影响，仍需进行校正；（3）沿江感潮水闸环境引水量的计算，难点在于闸门开度随闸内外水位差而发生复杂的变化，墅沟水闸闸门开度的设计调度方案与水位的变化是逆向的，人为调控的因素起到很大的作用。分析计算表明不同年型对水闸引水量影响较小，可以认墅沟水闸基本能够保证在不同年型的持续稳定引水。