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91.
Preuss TG Telscher M Ratte HT 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1211-1217
Bioaccumulation is an important aspect for the fate and effects of xenobiotics in the environment. In this study we used a radiolabeled nonylphenol isomer to investigate the bioconcentration in Daphnia magna at different ages. Apart from the total radioactivity we measured the metabolism of p353-NP in D. magna, to calculate the amount of p353-NP compared to total radioactivity found within the daphnids. Bioconcentration factors, based on wet weight, calculated from the rate constants for total radioactivity in neonates and adults were 4271 kg/l and 760 kg/l respectively, leading to a 5.6 deviance in bioconcentration. This deviance was even more pronounced, nearly one order of magnitude, for the p353-NP concentration with bioconcentration factors of 302 kg/l for neonates and 31 kg/l for adults. We were able to describe the bioconcentration for all daphnids by a weight-dependent one- compartment model. These results pointed out that it is not possible to compare bioconcentration experiments conducted with different substances and different sized daphnids. Additionally it was shown that it is not possible to describe the bioconcentration by measuring the total radioactivity. Metabolism of nonylphenol occurs at a very fast rate and bioconcentration is not triggered by the partition between two phases, but by metabolism. Discrimination between the two mechanisms was achieved using radiolabeled substances and a pseudo two-compartment model to describe metabolism and elimination by two rate constants which afterwards can be compared between different substances. 相似文献
92.
93.
壬基酚在活性污泥系统中的去除研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
壬基酚是一种持久性有毒的内分泌干扰物,它会对生物系统产生有害影响。本文介绍了壬基酚的来源、物化性质、化学结构、城市污水处理厂和实验系统中的迁移转化及去除,以及壬基酚在活性污泥分离的菌种中的降解。最后分析了目前研究中存在的问题并提出了相应的解决方法。 相似文献
94.
This work presents an LC–MS–MS-based method for the quantitation of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEOs) in water, sediment, and suspended particulate matter, and three of their carboxylated derivatives in water. The alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) were analyzed using isotope dilution mass spectrometry with [13C6]-labeled analogues, whereas the carboxylated derivatives were determined by external standard quantitation followed by confirmation using standard additions. The method was used to study APEO’s behavior in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), where total dissolved NP0-16EO concentration was reduced by approximately 99% from influent (390 μg l−1) to final effluent (4 μg l−1), and total OP0-5EO concentration decreased by 94% from 3.1 to 0.2 μg l−1. In contrast, the carboxylated derivatives were formed during the process with NP0-1EC concentrations increasing from 1.4 to 24 μg l−1. Short-chain APEOs were present in higher proportions in particulate matter, presumably due to greater affinity for solids compared to the long-chain homologues. NP (0.49 μg l−1) and NP0-1EC (4.8 μg l−1) were the only APEO-related compounds detected in a surface water sample from a WWTP-impacted estuary; implying that 90% of the mass was in the form of carboxylated derivatives. Sediment analysis showed nonylphenol to be the single most abundant compound in sediments from the Baltimore Harbor area, where differences in homologue distribution suggested the presence of treated effluent in some of the sites and non-treated sources in the rest. 相似文献
95.
96.
大孔吸附树脂对烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的吸附行为 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEOn)是一类重要的非离子表面活性剂,由于其生物代谢产物被证实具有较大的毒性,因此引起人们广泛关注.本文使用两种不同的大孔吸附树脂XAD-4、NDA-804对APEOn类物质NP10进行吸附,该技术可为使用大孔吸附树脂去除此类污染物提供理论依据.研究结果表明:XAD-4、NDA-804对NP10都有较好的吸附效果,温度对吸附有较大的影响,升高温度吸附量增大.NDA-804对NP10的吸附效果要好于XAD-4,这与它的化学特性以及孔结构有关.NP1O在两种树脂上的吸附都能用Langmuir吸附等温线方程很好的拟合,表明属于单层分子吸附.吸附热力学参数计算结果表明,XAD-4、NDA-804对NP10的吸附过程是吸热和自发的.吸附动力学拟合结果表明,NP10在XAD-4、NDA-804上的吸附都符合假二级反应动力学. 相似文献
97.
98.
Wenbo Wang Guangyan Tian Li Zong Yanmin Zhou Yuru Kang Qin Wang Aiqin Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(1):31-43
A series of mesoporous silicate adsorbents with superior adsorption performance for hazardous chlortetracycline(CTC) were sucessfully prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal reaction using low-cost illite/smectite(IS) clay,sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate as the starting materials.In this process,IS clay was "teared up" and then "rebuilt" as new porous silicate adsorbent with high specific surface area of 363.52 m~2/g(about 8.7 folds higher than that of IS clay) and very negative Zeta potential(- 34.5 mV).The inert Si- O- Si(Mg,Al) bonds in crystal framework of IS were broken to form Si(Al)- O~- groups with good adsorption activity,which greatly increased the adsorption sites served for holding much CTC molecules.Systematic evaluation on adsorption properties reveals the optimal silicate adsorbent can adsorb 408.81 mg/g of CTC(only 159.7 mg/g for raw IS clay) and remove 99.3%(only 46.5%for raw IS clay) of CTC from 100 mg/L initial solution(pH 3.51;adsorption temperature 30℃;adsorbent dosage,3 g/L).The adsorption behaviors of CTC onto the adsorbent follows the Langmuir isotherm model,Temkin equation and pseudo second-order kinetic model.The mesopore adsorption,electrostatic attraction and chemical association mainly contribute to the enhanced adsorption properties.As a whole,the high-efficient silicate adsorbent could be candidates to remove CTC from the wastewater with high amounts of CTC. 相似文献
99.
活性污泥胞外聚合物的组成与结构特点及环境行为 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在活性污泥处理系统中,微生物大多以污泥絮体的形式悬浮在水中。胞外聚合物(EPS)作为污泥絮体的重要组成部分,以其独特的聚合结构和化学组成,在污水生物处理系统中起到重要作用。为了更好的描述EPS的环境行为,文章综合了近年来国内外相关的研究成果,首先分析了EPS的来源、化学组成及结构分布,得出EPS中包含蛋白质、多糖、腐殖酸、核酸、糖醛酸及脂类大分子等化学物质,其中蛋白质和多糖之和占总有机物含量的70%~80%;在结构上,EPS分为SB-EPS、LB-EPS和TB-EPS,三者与细胞结合的紧密程度递增,其中所含化学成分比例的不同将使其具有不同的理化特性。其次,文章对EPS的理化特征对污水处理系统的影响,如对系统中微生物降解特性的影响、磷和重金属的吸附等进行了讨论,并总结了EPS中相关的官能团对上述环境行为的贡献。同时,文章还论述了EPS中官能团的亲疏水特性及化学成分对污泥絮体的脱水性、絮凝沉降性能的影响。 相似文献
100.
为了探讨壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP10EO)与其降解产物壬基酚(NP)对多刺裸腹溞的复合毒性效应,在实验室条件下研究了NP和NP10EO单一暴露对多刺裸腹溞的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性,以及两者混合暴露对多刺裸腹溞的联合毒性效应。结果表明:NP和NP10EO两种物质单一暴露对多刺裸腹溞的24 h LC50分别为0.154和3.37 mg.L-1,48 h LC50分别为0.065和2.11 mg.L-1。联合毒性实验中,定义0.5×LC50(NP)+0.5×LC50(NP10EO)为一个毒性单位(1TU)。NP和NP10EO混合暴露后对多刺裸腹溞的24 h和48 h的LC50分别是0.646TU和0.291TU,联合毒性强度明显高于两种物质单一暴露时的毒性强度。在持续混合暴露条件下,多刺裸腹溞的首次生殖时间延迟、母体体长和初生幼体体长严重缩短、首次生殖数量大幅减少。说明NP和NP10EO对多刺裸腹溞的复合毒性表现出明显的协同效应。 相似文献