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101.
102.
利用陕西省地面气象观测站观测资料、中国国家统计局统计资料、美国NASA的MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)资料以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,对1980~2016年陕西省冬季霾日数的时空变化特征及可能原因进行了分析,结果表明:(1)1980~2016年冬季陕西省平均霾日数为12d左右,并且伴有明显的年代际变化;其中1980~2012年冬季霾日数波动明显,1980~1993年偏多,1994~2012年偏少,2013年之后霾日数增加明显.(2)1980~2016年冬季陕西的霾日数有显著的区域差异.关中地区的霾日数最多,平均每年大于18d;陕南地区次之,年平均霾日数为10d左右;陕北地区最少,平均霾日数仅3d左右.陕北、关中、陕南3大区域冬季的霾日数均在2013年后出现了明显的增多.(3)2000~2016年冬季MODIS卫星监测的陕西AOD在关中咸阳、西安、渭南以及汉中南部和安康南部存在明显的高值区,大于0.4,其中关中气溶胶高值区域与关中地区霾日数大值区域有很好的对应关系.(4)2013~2016年冬季我国中东部的对流层低层的东风异常是向陕西关中地区输送气溶胶的有利条件,是霾天气的产生原因之一;2013~2016年陕西冬季对流层低层存在一个明显的位温梯度增大的区域,是不利于霾向高空扩散的大气层结条件,是霾日数明显增加的另一个原因. 相似文献
103.
In this study, lignin-derived phenols were used to determine the sources and distribution of sedimentary organic matter along the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean. The lignin parameter syringyl/vanillyl (S/V) and cinnamyl/vanillyl (C/V) ratios are used to indicate vegetation sources; and the ratios of vanillic acid/vanillin, (Ad/Al)v and syringic acid/syringaldehyde, (Ad/Al)s are used as indicators of lignin diagenesis. Results showed the predominance of woody gymnosperm signal at the easternmost location in the northern Bering Sea, a mixture of refractory non-woody angiosperm and fresher gymnosperm tissues in the Chukchi Sea, and signal of fresher woody gymnosperm tissues in the northernmost locations in the Chukchi Sea. The lignin materials showed gradual increase in decomposition stage during transport along the northern Bering Sea. Hydrodynamic sorting process, which is the retention of coarser materials nearshore and transportation of finer particles farther offshore, most probably occurred along the east coast of the northern Bering Sea. In Chukchi Sea, the non-woody angiosperm tissues could have originated from the Canadian Arctic and gymnosperm tissues could be from the Russian Arctic side. The fresher materials in the northernmost Chukchi Sea could have been transported here via the ice-rafting process. Detection of fresh lignin materials and the occurrence of lignin decomposition mean that this region could be sensitive to the impact of climate change. 相似文献
104.
105.
James J. Ruzicka Thomas C. WainwrightWilliam T. Peterson 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(6):1222-1235
Simple plankton models serve as useful platforms for testing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ecosystem dynamics. A simple, one-dimensional plankton model was developed to describe the dynamics of nitrate, ammonium, two phytoplankton size-classes, meso-zooplankton, and detritus in the Oregon upwelling ecosystem. Computational simplicity was maintained by linking the biological model to a one-dimensional, cross-shelf physical model driven by the daily coastal upwelling index. The model sacrificed resolution of regional-scale and along-shore (north to south) processes and assumed that seasonal productivity is primarily driven by local cross-shelf Ekman transport of surface waters and upwelling of nutrient-rich water from depth.Our goals were to see how well a simple plankton model could capture the general temporal and spatial dynamics of the system, test system sensitivity to alternate parameter set values, and observe system response to the effective scale of potential retention mechanisms. Model performance across the central Oregon shelf was evaluated against two years (2000-2001) of chlorophyll and copepod time-series observations. While the modeled meso-zooplankton biomass was close in scale to the observed copepod biomass, phytoplankton was overestimated relative to that inferred from the observed surface chlorophyll concentration. Inshore, the system was most sensitive to the nutrient uptake kinetics of diatom-size phytoplankton and to the functional grazing response of meso-zooplankton. Meso-zooplankton was more sensitive to alternate parameter values than was phytoplankton. Reduction of meso-zooplankton cross-shelf advection rates (crudely representing behavioral retention mechanisms) reduced the scale of model error relative to the observed seasonal mean inshore copepod biomass but had little effect of the modeled meso-zooplankton biomass offshore nor upon phytoplankton biomass across the entire shelf. 相似文献
106.
Davin Budreau Gordon McBean 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(7):1305-1320
Scientific evidence gathered over the past five years suggests that northern Canada and the Arctic have undergone, and are
undergoing, formidable environmental changes linked to global climate change. Environmental change in the north is expected
to persist and intensify over the course of the next century. When large-scale environmental changes take place, they inevitably
affect people, especially when the cultures and livelihoods of those people depend on their relationship with the environment.
Managing the local impacts of these changes is a matter of adaptation. This paper discusses some of the policy implications
of adaptation––government interventions aiming to build communities’ and regions’ capacities to adapt to environmental changes.
Three arguments for adaptive capacity building interventions in the north are discussed, and these arguments are augmented
by a comparative review of government reactions to the collapse of the cod fishery in Atlantic Canada. Reactive and proactive
policy approaches are discussed, and it is suggested from the comparison that proactive approaches to intervention are desirable
for building adaptive capacity.
相似文献
Gordon McBean (Corresponding author)Email: |
107.
108.
陕西2012年极端天气气候事件与气象灾害 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用极端天气气候事件监测系统监测结果,分析了陕西1981-2012年极端天气气候事件出现次数和强度,发现2012年陕西极端天气气候事件次数少于多年平均值,但华阴7月2-4日、佳县7月24-28日极端降水事件强度之大,为历史罕见,佳县27日降水量、26-28日3d降水量均超过百年一遇的水平,造成严重人员伤亡和经济损失.说明即便是在极端天气气候事件出现次数少,气候年景较好的年份,局地也会出现历史罕见的极端事件和灾害.此外,还分析了极端天气气候事件次数与灾情年景评估指数之间的相关性. 相似文献
109.
Changes in major factors affecting the ecosystem health of the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province, China 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Qi LI Jinxi SONG Anlei WEI Bo ZHANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(6):875-885
Maintenance of the ecosystem health of a river is of great importance for local sustainable development. On the basis of both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the influence of natural variations and human activities on the ecosystem function of the Weihe River, the changes in major factors affecting its ecosystem health are deter- mined, which include: 1) Deficiency of environment flow: since the 1960s, the incoming stream flow shows an obvious decreasing tendency. Even in the low flow period, 80% of the water in the stream is impounded by dams for agriculture irrigation in the Baoji district. As a result, the water flow maintained in the stream for environmental use is very limited. 2) Deterioration of water quality: the concentrations of typical pollutants like Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and NH3-N are higher than their maximum values of the Chinese environmental quality standard. Very few fish species can survive in the River. 3) Deformation of water channels: the continuous channel sedimentation has resulted in the decrease in stream gradient, shrinkage of riverbed and the decline in the capability for flood discharge. 4) Loss of riparian vegetation: most riparian land has been occupied by urban construction activities, which have caused the loss of riparian vegetation and biodiversity and further weakened flood control and water purification functions. 相似文献
110.
陕西省生态城市建设评价指标体系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从陕西省各城市的社会状况和地域情况入手,选择和构建了适合陕西省自身情况的生态城市指标评价体系,并进一步建立了描述城市生态系统发展状况的标准化处理方法和计算方法,最后使用以上方法,对陕西省2008年的生态城市建设进行综合分析和评价。结果表明:陕西省10个城市的生态城市建设基本可以分为3类,其中西安等3个城市生态建设水平较高;铜川市等5个城市生态建设水平一般;延安市等2个城市生态城市建设水平较低。各个城市都应该依照自身情况明确生态建设的发展方向,制定生态建设方案,大力开展城市生态建设,从而使整个陕西省生态实现一体化发展。 相似文献