浅析新疆平原水库的环境地质问题

文章从新疆平原水库的特点及其作用出发,阐明了平原水库较适宜新疆的自然地理和经济状况;同时也分析了平原水库存在的环境地质问题及其治理措施,并强调病险库治理的迫切性     

新疆草原蝗、鼠灾害与控制策略

以最近14年新疆治蝗灭鼠现状为依据,分析了草原蝗虫害鼠的为害与防治现状,指出牧业防治和生物防治是今后的方向,健全测报是做好防治的根本,认为加强研究,开放思维、引资合作,共图效益是较为理想的有害生物控制途径。     

近年来中国北方沙尘暴成因及其防治

近年来,强和特强沙尘暴在我国北方频繁发生,这与中国北方近几十年来植被破坏严重,沙化土地面积不断扩大,生态环境恶化导致沙源物质增加,气候进一步暖干化,自然环境对沙尘暴的防卫能力大大减弱有关。防治沙尘暴有三方面措施;一是增加地表覆盖,促进生态良化;二是建立沙尘暴预警系统与沙尘暴多发区环境质量动态监测预警系统;三是加强法制与管理力度,使沙尘暴多发区生态环境建设纳入法治轨道。     

江苏北部城镇绿化策略研究

在对江苏北部气候,植物区系,森林植被研究的基础上,从生态学角度提出该地区城镇绿化策略,包括：立足于落叶阔叶树种,积极引种耐寒发阔叶树种,根据生境特点合理布局树种。     

Occurrence and treatment of arsenic in groundwater and soil in northern Mexico and southwestern USA

This review focuses on the occurrence and treatment of arsenic (As) in the arid region of northern Mexico (states of Chihuahua and Coahuila) and bordering states of the southwestern US (New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas), an area known for having high As concentrations. Information assembled and assessed includes the content and probable source of As in water, soil, and sediments and treatment methods that have been applied in the area. High As concentrations were found mainly in groundwater, their source being mostly from natural origin related to volcanic processes with significant anthropogenic contributions near mining and smelting of ores containing arsenic. The affinity of As for solid phases in alkaline conditions common to arid areas precludes it from being present in surface waters, accumulating instead in sediments and shifting its threat to its potential remobilization in reservoir sediments and irrigation waterways. Factors such as oxidation and pH that affect the mobility of As in the subsurface environment are mentioned. Independent of socio-demographic variables, nutritional status, and levels of blood lead, cognitive development in children is being affected when exposed to As. Treatments known to effectively reduce As content to safe drinking water levels as well as those that are capable of reducing As content in soils are discussed. Besides conventional methods, emergent technologies, such as phytoremediation, offer a viable solution to As contamination in drinking water.     

Methane emissions from a dairy feedlot during the fall and winter seasons in Northern China

Accurately determining methane emission factors of dairy herd in China is imperative because of China’s large population of dairy cattle. An inverse dispersion technique in conjunction with open-path lasers was used to quantify methane emissions from a dairy feedlot during the fall and winter seasons in 2009-2010. The methane emissions had a significant diurnal pattern during both periods with three emission peaks corresponding to the feeding schedule. A 10% greater emission rate in the fall season was obtained most likely by the higher methane emission from manure during that period. An annual methane emission rate of 109 ± 6.7 kg CH₄ yr⁻¹ characterized with a methane emission intensity of 32.3 ± 1.59 L CH₄ L⁻¹ of milk and a methane conversion factor (Y_m) of 7.3 ± 0.38% for mature cattle was obtained, indicating the high methane emission intensity and low milk productivity in Northern China.     

新疆油田含聚污水处理技术应用研究

针对新疆油田聚合物驱含油污水特点,在不改变高效水质净化与稳定技术配套污水处理工艺的基础上,形成了一套聚驱产出液的技术。研究确定了"氧化+曝气"的预处理技术结合旋流反应工艺做为含聚污水处理的核心工艺,可实现含聚污水的有效净化,并筛选优化与之配套的化学药剂体系。通过室内大量模拟实验,结果表明:此工艺可达到室内净化后水中悬浮物含量≤15mg/L,含油≤10mg/L。     

新疆油田盆5气田放空气回收技术应用

新疆油田盆5气田采用分子筛对天然气处理站的放空气进行回收,介绍了分子筛的吸附原理、回收技术原理及工艺流程、净化脱水压力稳定安全措施等。通过优化破乳剂类型及注入量,净化脱水后的放空气满足回收利用要求。此项回收技术的利用,每年可减排废气5209.2×104m3,回收天然气约360×104m3,增加经济效益360万元。     

新疆油田含油污泥特性研究

含油污泥是油田企业生产过程中的主要污染源之一,文章对原油处理系统及采出水处理系统的含油污泥进行了理化性质及成分的分析检测,结果表明:油田污泥中植物营养成分含量较低;重金属含量较低,低于GB4284-84《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》。通过对其特性的系统分析,发现油田污泥的一些共性,为其"减量化、资源化、无害化"提供了基础资料。     

新疆农牧区畜禽养殖污染现状与防治对策

基于新疆农牧区畜牧业发展历史、现状及趋势分析,分别对新疆农牧区畜禽养殖的污染现状、分布特征、污染防治现状及存在问题进行了估算与分析,并对未来新疆畜禽养殖污染的变化趋势进行了预测,针对不同区域提出了新疆畜禽养殖污染防治的重点区域和防治对策。