新疆焉耆盆地平原区地下水质量评价与污染成因探讨

地下水作为一种洁净而又丰富的淡水资源,已经成为新疆工农业生产及生活的主要水源,起着至关重要的作用。本文依据2014年42组地下水样品,采用溶解性总固体(TDS)、总硬度(TH)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、F~-、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)为评价项目,利用单项指标评价法进行地下水质量评价,统计了新疆焉耆盆地平原区各评价指标在不同水质级别所占的比例;采用8组2011年和2014年同一监测井的化学组分浓度对比法进行地下水污染评价,对地下水水质变化趋势进行分析;分析了地下水的污染原因。地下水质量评价结果表明2014年潜水、浅层承压水和深层承压水Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水质所占比例之和分别25.0%、45.5%和29.7%,部分地区地下水受地表水补给导致铁含量超标;地下水污染评价结果表明2011~2014年地下水劣变程度为"潜水深层承压水浅层承压水"。影响焉耆盆地平原区地下水水质的主要因素是人类活动,尤其是城镇化的快速发展以及农业生产。     

Place attachment as a driver of adaptation in coastal communities in Northern Norway

Changes in a range of interlinked factors, in social, economic, environmental and climatic conditions, require adaptation in many communities. This paper explores how place attachment affects adaptive responses to a changing social context through analysing adaptation in two coastal municipalities in Northern Norway. The main challenge in these municipalities is declining populations and the consequences accompanying this trend, including livelihood uncertainties and decreased provision of public services. This paper discusses the role of place attachment in motivating adaptation to these changes to contribute to a growing body of literature within climate change adaptation on “subjective” (values, culture and place) dimensions. The findings suggest that people are motivated to act based on their emotional connection with place, and the paper argues that place attachment may offer a better starting point for climate change adaptation than an emphasis on climate change impacts.     

对新疆伴生放射性矿物开发利用中辐射安全监督管理的探讨

基于新疆富有相当数量和种类的伴生放射性煤炭、花岗石、有色金属等矿正在开发利用,必然带来一些辐射安全问题,应加强监督管理的实况,提出做好调查研究,查清伴生放射性矿的分布及辐射水平,将其纳入环境影响评价制度,制定科学性、实用性强的辐射审管标准,搞好宣传教育并全面做好监管工作等5项监管措施。     

新疆环境信息化建设存在的问题和对策探讨

信息化已被国家列为推进项目，环境信息化是国家信息化重要组成部分，结合新疆环境信息化现状对建设中存在的问题进行了分析，并在此基础上对问题成因进行了探讨，提出了对策建议。     

Placental transfer of DDT in mother-infant pairs from Northern Thailand

The present study objective was to investigate ratios and correlation coefficients between dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) compounds in cord and maternal sera of mother-infant pairs from northern Thailand. The study site was located in Chiang Dao District of Chiang Mai Province which was an agricultural and former malaria endemic area. DDT compounds were analyzed in 88 cord and maternal serum samples using gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). p,p′-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene) was the major component and detected in every cord and maternal serum samples with geometric means of 1,255 and 1,793 n g^?1 lipids, respectively. p,p′-DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) was detected at 89.8 and 100% of cord and maternal serum samples, respectively. The second and third highest levels detected were p,p′-DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) and p,p′-DDT, respectively. The ratios between cord and maternal sera for p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, and p,p′-DDD that were less than 1 had high correlation coefficients (ratio = 0.70, r = 0.82 for p,p′-DDE, ratio = 0.62, r = 0.66 for p,p′-DDT, and ratio = 0.79, r = 0.78 for p,p′-DDD). The high correlation coefficients indicate that cord serum levels of DDT compounds could be accurately estimated from maternal serum levels. It can be concluded that cord serum levels of p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, and p,p′-DDD were approximately 70%, 62%, and 79% of maternal serum levels, respectively. Furthermore, our findings can be applied in public health to monitor and evaluate risk among infants from high DDT exposure area.     

新疆和田地区城市化与土地利用变化的定量分析

选取自然环境和人文环境比较典型的西部欠发达贫困地区-新疆和田地区作为研究区域,借助国内外城市化与土地利用变化关系方面的理论和研究成果,分析城市化进程中土地利用变化的特征;采用回归分析方法,研究城市化与土地利用变化的相关关系及城市化进程对土地利用变化的影响程度.分析结果显示,城市化与耕地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地和未利用地间有显著的相关性,表明城市化的快速发展是造成农业用地减少和建设用地增加的主要原因.同时,耕地与未利用地等两种土地类型和城市化间的负相关关系说明,两种地类的减少与城市化的快速发展有着密切的关系.这体现了和田地区城市建设和经济的快速增长是影晌生态环境等一系列有关可持续发展问题的重要原因.     

新疆工业循环经济建设研究

新疆地处中亚,属于典型的干旱半干旱区,生态系统脆弱,传统的工业发展模式对其生态环境和绿洲稳定已构成一定的威胁.循环经济抓住了新疆当前资源相对稀缺而又大量消耗的症结,对突破其深层次矛盾和自然资源约束的瓶颈具有迫切的现实意义.该文根据循环经济的内涵和原则,结合地区特点,提出新疆工业循环经济建设应运用多学科进行综合研究,实现产业循环组合与资源循环利用,建立配套的循环经济管理实施体系和综合评价体系.以新疆国家级循环经济试点城市石河子市为典型案例,对新疆工业循环经济建设思路的分析表明:"一个综合"是科学构建新疆工业循环经济的前提,"两类循环"可促进新疆产业生态化与污染治理产业化、动脉产业与静脉产业的有机统一,"两个体系"将为疆内工业循环经济的持续推进和优化完善提供有力的保障机制.     

试论新疆环境文化建设

通过对新疆各民族优秀环境文化的研究、挖掘和保护,创新环境文化建设形式,丰富环境文化内涵,建立现代环境文化理念,营造一个良好的绿色环境文化氛围,保障人民文化权益,满足人民对精神文化的需求。加强环境教育,提高公民环境文化的素质,强化新疆环境文化建设。建立完善的环境文化建设机制和体制保障,建设生态新疆,和谐新疆,形成有新疆特色的环境文化。     

油区盐碱土的治理研究

新疆油田公司油区地表土壤多为盐碱土。企业结合自身实际生产,采取多种措施,先后进行了油区绿化和清洁生产,并种植红柳,拉运戈壁土进行铺垫,提高员工环保意识。经过治理,站区内外扬尘明显减少,油区浮土明显减弱。2008年底企业通过油田公司的考核验收。     

Persistent halogenated organic contaminants and mercury in northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from the Canadian Arctic

Northern fulmars from two breeding colonies in the Canadian Arctic, Cape Vera and Prince Leopold Island, were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and total mercury (Hg). Hepatic concentrations of organochlorines and Hg were highest in the male fulmars from Cape Vera. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations did not vary significantly between sexes or colonies. However, concentrations of the perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) were higher in fulmars from Cape Vera than Prince Leopold Island. The C₁₁-C₁₅ PFCAs averaged 90% of the PFCA profile at both colonies. Polychorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and non-ortho PCBs (NO-PCBs) were measured only in birds from Prince Leopold Island. Concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, NO-PCBs and Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) did not differ significantly between sexes. ΣTEQ was comprised mainly of ΣTEQ_PCDF. Concentrations of Hg and the persistent halogenated compounds reported in this study were below published toxicological threshold values for wild birds.