1982-2006年新疆山地-绿洲-荒漠系统植被覆盖变化时空特征

植被覆盖变化在新疆山地-绿洲-荒漠系统(MODS)共存、平衡演变机制中扮演着重要角色。基于1982-2006年GIMMS/NDVI数据,提取新疆地区年最大植被覆盖指数(fvc),针对新疆MODS的基本格局,通过先地理分区再因海拔而异讨论,划分出山地、绿洲、荒漠子系统,对比分析不同分区不同子系统下fvc变化趋势、变率、变幅、变异性等时空动态特征。结果表明:新疆植被覆盖总体呈显著上升趋势,可分为1982-1995年的剧烈波动期和1996-2006年的相对平稳期,不同分区和子系统差异显著;在变幅和变异性上,东、南疆地区>北疆、伊犁地区,荒漠>山地>绿洲,植被覆盖度低的地区>植被覆盖度高的地区;显著改善的地区位于绿洲内部、绿洲的周边地区及部分山地,显著退化的地区大多位于东、南疆的荒漠区;不同植被覆盖度下植被覆盖变化具有不同特征,植被覆盖度低的地区,植被退化趋势明显,植被覆盖度高的地区,植被改善趋势明显。     

浅论新疆开发区的管理状况及其保护对策

文章主要对新疆各类开发区目前的环境管理状况及存在的问题作了分析,提出推动开发区区域环境规划或加强环境影响评价的对策.明确开发区环境保护的总体要求,合理规划开发区内外的总体布局,加强开发区的环境监督管理,建立跟踪监测制度,采取有效手段推进环保设施建设.控制开发区污染物总量的排放和加强开发区的生态环境建设,落实事故风险防范和应急措施,从而更有效地为开发区的企业提供服务.     

Application of Holdridge life-zone model based on the terrain factor in Xinjiang Automous Region

This study improved the application of the Holdridge life-zone model to simulate the distribution of desert vegetation in China which gives statistics to support eco-recovery and ecosystem reconstruction in desert area. This study classified the desert vegetation into four types： （1） LAD： little arbor desert; （2） SD： shrub desert： （3） HLHSD： half-shrub, little half-shrub desert; （4） LHSCD： little halfshrub cushion desert. Based on the classification of Xinjiang desert vegetation, the classical Holdridge life-zone model was used to simulate Xinjiang desert vegetation＇s distribution and compare the Kappa coefficient result of the model with table of accuracy represented by Kappa values. The Kappa value of the model was only 0.19, it means the simulation result was poor. To improve the life-zone model application to Xinjiang desert vegetation type, a set of plot standards for terrain factors was developed by using the plot standard as the reclassification criterion to climate sub-regime. Then the desert vegetation in Xinjiang was simulated. The average Kappa value of the second simulation to the respective climate regime was 0.45. The Kappa value of final modeling result was 0.64, which is the better value. The modification of the model made it in more application region. In the end, the model＇ s ecological relevance to the Xinjiang desert vegetation types was studied.     

新疆清水泉铜金铂钯贵金属矿床的发现及其地球化学找矿效果

在1∶500000区域化探扫面的基础上,结合景观地球化学特征,筛选出Hs 19号异常,进行1∶100000水系沉积物及1∶10000岩石测量,再经地质工程验证,最终圈定了清水泉铜金铂钯矿床。新疆阿尔金地区铜金铂钯贵金属找矿的实践证明,重视区域化探异常的筛选,进行系统的异常查证,选择最佳异常区进行地质追踪和工程揭露等,能有效缩短勘查周期及节省勘查资金。     

新疆库车坳陷晚白垩世隆升的裂变径迹证据

根据裂变径迹定年法研究，南天山库车坳陷地区在晚白垩世发生构造隆升事件，表现为全区范围内缺失晚白垩世地层。隆升事件在区域内具有不等晚性，介于109.6～68Ma之间，平均隆升速率约为47.6m/Ma，构造剥蚀量为3.28～3.93km。隆升事件形成库车坳陷构造格局的雏形，从全球动力学观点来看，可归因于Kolistan-Dran岛弧与拉萨地体碰撞的远距离效应。     

新疆乌伦古河上游地区找金前景再析

新疆乌伦古河上游地区．以出露中上泥盆统的中基性火山岩为主，这一层位是该区一个最主要的矿源层。加之存在巨大的韧性剪切带及强烈的岩浆活动而为金的富集成矿提供了可靠的地质前提；本身有希望的又有广布的金矿化点及异常点表明了它不失为一个有希望的潜在远景区。     

北疆250年地表水资源变化特征及未来趋势预测

本文从北疆年轮场重建了北疆２５０年的地表水资源，探讨气候－地表水资源－年轮之间的关系，分析地表水资源的长期变化特征，预测其变化趋势，为北疆地表水资源的研究与利用提供了新的参考依据。     

新疆脆弱生态区定量评价及发展对策

结合新疆实际,建立脆弱生态区评价指标体系。采用模糊评价方法,计算脆弱生态区指标的实际值对某级稳定性的隶属程度。根据脆弱性隶属度大小,将新疆15个地州市划分为5类:稳定型:乌鲁木齐市、石河子市;轻度脆弱型:伊犁州直属县市;中度脆弱型:昌吉州、巴州、克拉玛依市、塔城地区、哈密地区、吐鲁番地区、阿勒泰地区、博州;重度脆弱型:阿克苏、克州、喀什地区;极度脆弱型:和田地区。针对每一类型不同的脆弱性提出相应的发展策略。     

The impacts of different kinds of dust events on PM10 pollution in northern China

In this study the frequencies of PM₁₀ (as key urban pollutant) in 14 key environmental protection cities in northern China were analyzed. It follows that the PM₁₀ concentration in the high-frequency period is higher with an extent 0.009–0.066 mg m⁻³ than in the low-frequency period of 2001–2002. Further the impacts of three kinds of dust events on the PM₁₀ concentration in four cities (Beijing, Hohhot, Xi’an and Lanzhou) were explored. The results showed that different kinds of dust events have different influences on variation of PM₁₀ concentration in these four cities. In Lanzhou and Hohhot, which are near the source areas of dust events, the contribution degree of these three dust events to the PM₁₀ is: floating dust>dust storm>blowing dust. Whereas, in Beijing and Xi’an situated in dust event passing areas, the mean value of PM₁₀ concentration is higher in blowing dust than in floating dust (no dust storm). In addition, the influences of dust events on PM₁₀ concentration are different in the cities on different dust event paths. In Beijing and Hohhot (on the northern path), the high PM₁₀ concentration is usually caused by blowing dust. But in both Lanzhou and Xi’an (on the western/northwestern path) the high PM₁₀ pollution concentration is usually caused by floating dust.     

Conservation of the Northern Spotted Owl under the Northwest Forest Plan

Abstract:  Development of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) was motivated by concerns about the overharvest of late-seral forests and the effects of intensive forest management on the long-term viability of the Northern Spotted Owl ( Strix occidentalis caurina ). Following several years of intense political and legal debates, the final NWFP was approved in 1994. Even though the plan evolved with a broad ecosystem perspective, it remained anchored in the Spotted Owl reserve design proposed in 1990. Based on a criterion of stable or increasing populations, a decade later it remains unclear whether the enactment of the NWFP has improved the conservation status of Spotted Owls. The results of intensive monitoring of several Spotted Owl populations for over a decade suggest a continuing range-wide decline even though rates of timber harvest have declined dramatically on federal lands. The cause of the decline is difficult to determine because the research needed to establish cause and effect relations has not been done. One plausible hypothesis is that the owl's life history greatly constrains its rate of population growth even when habitat is no longer limiting. Since enactment of the NWFP, new threats have arisen, including the movement of Barred Owls ( S. varia ) into the range of the Spotted Owl, political pressure to increase levels of timber harvest, and recent changes to forest laws that eliminate the requirement to assess the viability of wildlife populations on U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service lands. At this time is appears that Spotted Owl conservation rests critically on continued implementation of the protections afforded by the NWFP and the U.S. Endangered Species Act.