高新技术开发区生态工业园建设规划研究初探

目前我国已开展了较多传统行业的生态工业园规划研究与实践,但对高新技术开发区的生态工业园规划研究还相对薄弱。基于循环经济理念,选择上海市闵行区在产业结构上存在关联的两个高新技术开发区为案例,对其生态工业园的构建方案进行初步规划探讨。研究认为,构建循环经济虚拟产业园是高科技研发型园区建设生态工业园的主要形式,而以电子信息产品制造为主导行业的出口加工区则可以通过构建主导产业绿色供应链保障其生态工业园建设目标的实施。文章还尝试提出高新技术开发区构建生态工业园的环境管理对策,以期为未来国内高新技术开发区构建生态工业园的相关实践提供科学参考。     

老秃顶子植物分带与中山地区植物特点

于2006年-2007年分春、夏、秋、冬4次对辽宁省老秃顶子国家级自然保护区内的植物分带进行了考察。结果表明：该区系成分复杂，有5个植被型组，包含有东亚-北美成分、北温带成分、温带亚洲成分、旧大陆温带成分等多个分布区类型，根据上述复杂情况，提出了具体的老秃顶子生态保护对策。     

株洲典型功能区土壤重金属污染及其生态风险

该研究采集株洲典型城市功能区工业区和农林综合利用区的农用土样,对土壤中Pb、Cd、Hg、As进行分析,采用内梅罗指数法和多指标生态评价法评价了土壤的污染状况和生态风险,结果表明:工业区周边农用土壤的污染程度显著高于农林综合利用区,不同功能区的污染特征极为相似,即:均以Cd和Hg为主要污染物,内梅罗指数评价为重度污染,As为轻度污染,且耕地的污染程度显著高于林地,工业区周边79%的耕地样点、71%的林地样点,农林综合利用区54%的耕地样点、43%的林地样点,内梅罗综合污染指数值大于6,复合污染严重,达强生态危害。含重金属废水灌溉以及Pb,Cd气型污染物的迁移沉降是土壤重金属富集的主要途径。文章就菜地和稻田土壤的生态危害,提出生态风险防范措施。     

几种典型金属材料西沙海洋飞溅区腐蚀行为规律研究

目的研究几种典型金属材料在西沙海洋飞溅区的腐蚀行为规律。方法通过外场暴露试验,分析3种钢、1种铜和3种铝合金材料暴露0.5,1,2 a后的腐蚀形貌与动力学规律。结果 3种钢的腐蚀质量损失与点蚀均较为严重,T2整个表面均匀减薄的同时,会产生大量微小的腐蚀坑,3种铝合金发生以点蚀为主的局部腐蚀,伴随有晶间腐蚀、选择性腐蚀等。结论试验条件下,3种钢中Q235耐蚀性最差,T2整体耐蚀性较好,3种铝合金中5083耐点蚀性能最差,5052略优于6063。     

基于交通噪声污染防治的夹心地判定及管理对策

基于土地管理的角度,根据夹心地的定义,归纳得出夹心地具有空间包夹、面积狭小、功能受限和权属独立的特征;基于夹心地的交通噪声污染特征,提出受到交通噪声影响的夹心地的定义和判定方法。当采取噪声防治措施后,两条交通干线之间区域的室外声级无法满足声环境功能标准且噪声敏感建筑室内声级无法满足使用功能要求时,判定该区域为受到交通噪声影响的夹心地。建议通过控制夹心地规模、调整夹心地功能、强化噪声治理措施、完善夹心地管理政策等措施防治夹心地交通噪声污染。     

准噶尔盆地荒漠区工程建设与水土流失的关系初探

新疆北部的准噶尔盆地的荒漠地区是生态环境脆弱地区,环境极易遭到破坏,随着建设项目的增加,由于工程建设引起的水土流失现象也逐渐增多.目前对该问题的研究尚需深入.本文通过对准噶尔盆地荒漠地区工程建设与水土流失的关系的分析,并借鉴其它地区的经验,指出新疆北部的荒漠地区由于环境脆弱,各类工程均可引发水土流失, 工程建设引起的水土流失也能影响工程本身的安全,工程建设应采取措施,防止水土流失,促进环境保护与经济发展.     

Linking irreplaceable landforms in a self‐organizing landscape to sensitivity of population vital rates for an ecological specialist

Irreplaceable, self‐organizing landforms and the endemic and ecologically specialized biodiversity they support are threatened globally by anthropogenic disturbances. Although the outcome of disrupting landforms is somewhat understood, little information exists that documents population consequences of landform disturbance on endemic biodiversity. Conservation strategies for species dependent upon landforms have been difficult to devise because they require understanding complex feedbacks that create and maintain landforms and the consequences of landform configuration on demography of species. We characterized and quantified links between landform configuration and demography of an ecological specialist, the dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus), which occurs only in blowouts (i.e., wind‐blown sandy depressions) of Shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) sand‐dune landforms. We used matrix models to estimate vital rates from a multisite mark‐recapture study of 6 populations occupying landforms with different spatial configurations. Sensitivity and elasticity analyses demonstrated demographic rates among populations varied in sensitivity to different landform configurations. Specifically, significant relationships between blowout shape complexity and vital rate elasticities suggested direct links between S. arenicolus demography and amount of edge in Shinnery oak sand‐dune landforms. These landforms are irreplaceable, based on permanent transition of disturbed areas to alternative grassland ecosystem states. Additionally, complex feedbacks between wind, sand, and Shinnery oak maintain this landform, indicating restoration through land management practices is unlikely. Our findings that S. arenicolus population dynamics depended on landform configuration suggest that failure to consider processes of landform organization and their effects on species’ population dynamics may lead to incorrect inferences about threats to endemic species and ineffective habitat management for threatened or endangered species. As such, successful conservation of these systems and the biodiversity they support must be informed by research linking process‐oriented studies of self‐organized landforms with studies of movement, behavior, and demography of species that dwell in them.     

STORMWATER HARVESTING IN THE URBAN WATERSHEDS OF ARID ZONES1

ABSTRACT: A representative city in an arid zone, such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is instrumented to determine the quantity and quality of storm runoff with a view to investigating the possibility of using it for industrial and agricultural purposes after appropriate treatments. In an urban watershed in the City of Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, quantity and quality of storm runoff had been monitored for the past six years, and the average annual runoff that can be harvested was determined. The quality of runoff is well within the range of possible reuse schemes, most notably for restricted irrigation. Treatment schemes for the harvested water are proposed.     

Sex Structure of Scotch Pine Populations in the Dry Steppe

it has been determined that the sex structure of the population is of great importance for pine adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. As environmental conditions deteriorate, differentiation of populations with respect to sex becomes more apparent, the proportion of trees of mixed type decreases, and the number of male trees increases. A tendency toward correlation between tree habitus, needle and shoot sizes, and the sex structure of population is noted. The prevalence of male trees in populations exposed to increasing stress reflects the rearrangement of such populations aimed at the more efficient use of natural resources.     

促进人口、资源、环境协调发展 办好经济特区

珠海市是我国实行对外开放政策后最早创办的4个经济特区之一,具有资源丰富的特点。在正确处理人口、资源与环境协调发展的关系方面采取的主要对策和经验是:1.坚持土地管理的“五个统一”;2.坚持环境保护的“八不准”;3.坚持“开源”与“节流”并举,发挥各种资源优势;4.坚持依靠科技进步,走“高、精、轻、优”的特区城市发展道路。