模糊综合评价法在液氯运输过程安全性评估的应用

将模糊综合评价方法和层次分析法用于危险化学品运输过程安全性评估,综合考虑在过程中危化品、人、车、路、环境等五个方面因素对整个过程安全性的影响,得到运输过程安全性等级。运用现有的泄漏模拟公式定量计算发生泄漏事故后所产生的危险区域,为人员疏散提供了决策帮助。最后以液氯运输过程为例进行安全评估,并计算泄漏后危险区域的范围。     

滇西北地区特色经济的发展与产业结构优化研究

特色经济是发挥地区资源优势的主要途径,产业结构优化是区域经济稳定发展的保证。通过分析滇西北地区产业结构现状和发展特色经济的优势条件以及存在的问题,分析了特色经济的发展与产业结构优化之间的互动关系,进而提出发展特色经济和提升产业结构的策略。     

基于GIS的寒地黑土区农业气候资源评价——以绥化市为例

以黑龙江省降水量、日照时数和≥10℃积温多年平均值等气象资料为数据源,利用地理信息系统技术对绥化市的农业气候资源进行了评价。评价结果表明,绥化市的降水量、日照时数和≥10℃积温变化具有明显的纬度地带性,但降水量的空间变化趋势是随着纬度的增高而增加,这与日照时数和≥10℃积温的空间分布趋势相反;从光热水的组合来看,绥化的光热水等农业气候资源的综合评价指数范围为3.4—6.6,且该值有从南向北逐渐递减的趋势。     

基于多元线性回归的宗地地价评估--以东营市为例

基准地价系数修正法作为大量评估宗地地价的一种方法，得到了广泛的应用，但是由于修正体系因素的权重确定多是通过特尔斐法来确定，主观性比较强。以东营市为例，探讨了用多元线性回归模型的方法进行修正因素影响的计算，并对宗地地价进行了评估。     

THE FLEXIBLE TOLERANCE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING HYDROLOGIC PARAMETERS IN THE ROOT ZONE1

In this study, a constrained minimization method, the flexible tolerance method, was used to solve the optimization problems for determining hydrologic parameters in the root zone: water uptake rate, spatial root distribution, infiltration rate, and evaporation. Synthetic soil moisture data were first generated using the Richards' equation and its associated initial and boundary conditions, and these data were then used for the inverse analyses. The results of inverse simulation indicate the following. If the soil moisture data contain no noise, the rate of estimated water uptake and spatial root distribution parameters are equal to the true values without using constraints. If there is noise in the observed data, constraints must be used to improve the quality of the estimate results. In the estimation of rainfall infiltration and surface evaporation, interpolation methods should be used to reduce the number of unknowns. A fewer number of variables can improve the quality of inversely estimated parameters. Simultaneous estimation of spatial root distribution and water uptake rate or estimation of evaporation and water uptake rate is possible. The method was used to estimate the water uptake rate, spatial root distribution, infiltration rate, and evaporation using long‐term soil moisture data collected from Nebraska's Sand Hills.     

A Methodological Approach for Designating Management Zones in Mount Spil National Park, Turkey

/ This study was undertaken to (1) determine the suitability of ecosystems within Mount Spil National Park (Turkey) to human activities by a systematic zoning procedure, and (2) provide the basis for developing sound management strategies based on natural-cultural resource attributes of the park. After assessing natural-cultural resources and human activity requirements, the suitability of three zones (Strict Protection Zone, SPZ; Restricted Use Zone, RUZ; and Recreation and Administration Zone, RAZ) for proposed human activities/land uses was determined in order to maintain ecological sustainability and integrity through a weighting-ranking methodology, based on a grid cell resolution of 1 km x 1 km. Results showed that out of the three management zones, the RUZ in which the recreational activities that do not require physical developments are allowed constituted 82% of the park area as the first priority management zone. The proposed zoning procedure is believed to be a key step to improve management for both the study area and other national parks with the similar landscape features.     

Challenges and Policies for Sustainable Development of Northwest Region

The Northwest Region is an area relatively poor and underdeveloped in China,yet with uniquenatural,economic,social and human backgrounds. As China has become stronger in itsintegrative strength,the government is now in a position and imperative need to render greatersupport for the sustainable development of the Region.New opportunities have been brought tothe Northwest by the implementation of the recently initiated " West China Development"strategy.1 Major Challenges Facing the Developm…     

美国海岸带管理和环境评估的框架及启示

本文介绍了美国《海岸带管理法案》所反映的海岸带管理的基本问题,包括海岸带管理的目标、重点领域、方法、策略与政策框架;还介绍了美国的海岸带区划,以及海岸环境评估的指标体系和评估标准。在此基础上提出所受启示与借鉴之处。     

三峡入库河流大宁河回水区消落带土壤氨氮释放动力学研究

在室内模拟条件下,通过消落带土壤氨氮释放动力学实验,研究了三峡入库河流大宁河消落带土壤氨氮释放动力学特征,并分析了样品组成特征对释放动力学的影响,结果表明:(1)一级动力学方程可以很好的拟合大宁河回水区消落带土壤样品氨氮释放动力学特征,前120分钟为快反应,氨氮释放速度较大,随后进入慢反应,逐渐达到最大氨氮释放量;(2)土壤样品释放动力学特征与总氮、总磷呈现较好的相关性,与有机质、样品氧化物组成、颗粒组成理化指标相关性较弱;(3)土壤样品释放动力学特征与可转化态氮呈现极显著正相关关系,与非可转化态氮的相关性较弱,这说明样品中氨氮的释放量主要受其可转化态氮含量控制。研究结果可为三峡库区支流大宁河回水区富营养化治理提供参考和理论依据。     

丹江口库区湿地生态系统的现状分析及研究展望

丹江口水库是中国南水北调中线工程的水源地,其库区湿地已被列入《中国重要湿地名录》。温地具有截留污染、蓄洪防旱、保护生物多样性等一系列重要的生态功能,因此维持丹江口库区温地生态系统的健康对中线调水工程具有非常重要的意义。在此结合丹江口库区湿地相关的研究资料,概括出库区内三种主要的湿地类型,根据生境状况重点阐述了库区消涨带湿地生态系统的特征,并分析了库区湿地的重要生态功能。在总结了丹江口库区湿地保护现状的同时分析了库区温地存在的生态环境问题,并提出了相应的管理和研究对策,以期从生态学的角度服务于库区湿地生态系统管理及中线调水工程。