大华北地区强震发生的空间位置研究

以大华北地区 (2 9°～ 4 2°N ,10 9°～ 12 4°E) 1970年以来发生的 11次ML6 0以上地震为研究对象 ,从地震的空间分布入手 ,来研究强震的发生位置与活动断裂带的关系。结果表明 :(1)强震往往发生在地震带发生明显拐折或相互交汇的部位。 (2 )断裂带对于强震的位置有较好的控制作用。 (3)强震前 1～ 5年内主震所在地震带上b值普遍有高值的过程。     

秦皇岛地区气候干旱与人工增雨的探索

气候分析表明:随着气候变化及环境城市化,秦皇岛市区域年平均气温指数呈上升趋势,特别是近10年出现了连续偏高的异常变化;年降水指数呈明显减小趋势,出现了连年干旱,高温少雨不仅使生态环境不断恶化,而且使农田干旱、水库蓄水严重不足,因此人工增雨变得更加迫切。目前,秦皇岛市人工增雨工作已进入常态化、业务化轨道。总结1999—2008年火箭人工增雨经验,人工增雨操作的技术关键:一是分析局地降水气候规律;二是利用碘化银进行人工增雨需要适当的温度条件,即所谓进行冷云催化。在增雨时应充分考虑这一物理机制,选择好合适的发射高度,把催化剂送到可催化的温度环境中,以保证作业成功率。     

米东区居民生活垃圾分类收集及处理调查分析

随着城市的快速发展,城市生活垃圾对环境的危害越来越大,已经成为影响城市居住环境的重要污染源,如何进行城市生活垃圾的收集与处理显得至关重要。米东区作为乌鲁木齐市新型工业城区的代表,其经济虽然取得了飞速发展,但其城市居住环境却未得到足够地重视。鉴于此,围绕乌鲁木齐市新型工业城区的生活垃圾分类收集和处理现状展开了社会调查,选取乌鲁木齐市米东区作为靶区,随机选取70户人家进行了入户问卷调查,对调查结果进行了统计分析,得出了乌鲁木齐市米东区家庭生活垃圾分类收集及处理的特点,进而指出了新型工业城区垃圾分类工作存在的主要问题,根据影响城市家庭生活垃圾产生量的因素,针对如何更好的实现垃圾的分类收集工作提出了相应的建议。     

不同滩涂促淤围垦方式对大型底栖动物群落的影响

滩涂促淤围垦会对大型底栖动物造成一定程度的影响,但关于不同促淤方式对大型底栖动物的影响未见有报道。以长江口浦东机场外侧滩涂促淤区为研究对象,分析吹沙促淤区域和抛坝促淤区域中大型底栖动物的分布特点。结果显示:大型底栖动物在抛坝促淤区和吹沙促淤区年均密度分别为(835.98±572.41)ind./m~2和(52.85±12.04)ind./m~2,年均生物量分别为(135.25±63.99)g/m~2和(40.82±6.84)g/m~2,单因素方差分析显示,两者存在显著性差异(P0.05),进而表明不同促淤方式对大型底栖动物的密度和生物量影响不同。CLUSTER聚类和MDS排序图说明吹沙促淤区和抛坝促淤区断面之间的大型底栖动物群落组成存在差异性。对各断面间群落相似性矩阵进行SIMPER分析表明河蚬、光滑狭口螺和谭氏泥蟹为两种区域共有优势种,其贡献度分别为56.10%、10.81%、9.62%,且三者在吹沙促淤区中的密度分布少于抛坝促淤区。研究表明泥沙淤积的快慢程度是影响促淤围垦区内大型底栖动物分布的重要因素。     

Assessing field-scale migration of radionuclides at the Nevada Test Site: “mobile” species

Many long-lived radionuclides are present in groundwater at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) as a result of 828 underground nuclear weapons tests conducted between 1951 and 1992. In conjunction with a comprehensive geochemical review of radionuclides (³H, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, ⁹⁹Tc and ¹²⁹I) that are presumably mobile in the subsurface, we synthesized a body of radionuclide activity data measured from groundwater samples collected at 18 monitoring wells, to qualitatively assess their migration at the NTS over distances of hundreds of meters and over timescales of decades. Tritium and ³⁶Cl showed little evidence of retardation, while the transport of ¹⁴C may have been retarded by its isotopic exchange with carbonate minerals in the aquifer. Observed local reducing conditions (either natural or test-induced) will impact the mobility of certain redox-sensitive radionuclides (especially ⁹⁹Tc) that were otherwise soluble and readily transported under oxidizing conditions. Conversely, strongly oxidizing conditions may impact the mobility of ¹²⁹I which is mobile under reducing conditions. The effect of iodine speciation on its transport deserves further attention. Indication of delayed transport of some “mobile” radionuclides (especially ⁹⁹Tc) in the groundwater at the NTS suggested the importance of redox conditions of the natural system in controlling the fate and transport of radionuclides, which has implications in the enhanced performance of the potential Yucca Mountain repository, located adjacent to the NTS, to store high-level nuclear wastes as well as management of radionuclide contamination in legacy nuclear operations facilities.     

A methodology of characterizing status and trend of land changes in oases: a case study of Sangong River watershed, Xinjiang, China

Land change is often studied with Markov models to develop a probability transition matrix. The existing methods dependent on such matrixes cannot effectively characterize some important aspects associated with land change such as status, direction, trend and regional variations. This study presents mathematical models to quantify these elements, defining unbalanced, quasi-balanced and balanced status, one- and two-way transitions and the rising or falling trends. Using these models and remote-sensing imageries, the landscape was studied for a case area, the oasis of Sangong River in Xinjiang, Northwest China where typical arid conditions prevail. Land expansion and contraction among various land types and for the entire oasis were analyzed for the periods of 1978-1987, 1978-1998 and 1987-1998. The changes were closely related to a strong economic growth after the land-reform campaign and adoption of the market economy in China in the 1980s to early 1990s, a process not strictly Markovian that requires stationarity and randomness. Information on land-change status and trend is important for a better understanding of the underlying driving processes but also for land-use planning and decision-making.     

核电站核事故核素污染评估模式

利用修正了的高斯模式探讨核电站核素污染事故中的核素扩散。分析了边界条件,气象条件和核素衰变规律对核素扩散污染的影响,并进一步讨论了核素的污染范围,距源距离及核素的沉积量,可作为确定应急安全的理论依据。     

煤矿区规划环评中的大气环境影响预测方法探讨

根据煤矿区规划环评的现状,提出了几种煤矿区规划环评中的大气环境影响预测方法,并将多源叠加的高斯模型法和箱模式法分别应用于榆神矿区和神东矿区的大气环境影响预测中.结果表明,多源叠加的高斯模型法灵活多变,而箱模式简单易行.     

南黄海-长江口海域溶解氧分布和低氧、酸化特征及其控制因素

基于2019年8月与11月所获取的2个航次的水文、化学和生物资料,重点研究了夏、秋季南黄海和长江口海域溶解氧(DO)分布的时空格局及其与水文动力状况和生物地球化学过程之间的关系,探讨了该海区低氧特征及其对酸化环境的指示.结果表明,研究海域内DO含量及分布与流场/水团格局具有良好的对应关系,其中夏季长江口外台湾暖流影响区...     

昆明市松华坝水源保护区水资源安全综合评价

通过对昆明市松华坝水源保护区自然生态、水资源、经济社会情况的调查与分析,建立了保护区水资源安全评价指标体系,并分别采用层次分析法、模糊评判法和集对分析法对保护区水资源安全进行综合评价。结果表明,目前评价区的水资源安全处于基本安全级别。