航空放射性测量

介绍了国内外航空放射性测量和评价系统（ＡＲＳＡＳ）的概况及其组成的功能。当今核能发电已在民办能源生产中占据重要地位，放射性航空测量作为辐射剂量监测的一种方法，比起起面环境介质的测量具有能快速圈定污染边界和确定污染水平的优点。但是，正确的航测结果的获得，还需有正确的估算方法，并且需用地面指定点上的测量证实。     

我国核能利用与能源可持续发展探讨

阐述了我国目前的能源利用状况，火电与核电对环境影响的比较，核废物的处理技术及核电的安全性等，指出大力发展高效清洁的核电是我国实施可持续发展战略的必然要求。     

Environmental cleanup: The challenge at the Hanford Site,Washington, USA

Numerous challenges face those involved with developing a coordinated and consistent approach to cleaning up the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Hanford Site in southeastern Washington. These challenges are much greater than those encountered when the site was selected and the world’s first nuclear complex was developed almost 50 years ago. This article reviews Hanford’s history, operations, waste storage/disposal activities, environmental monitoring, and today’s approach to characterize and clean up Hanford under a Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order, signed by DOE, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Washington Sate Department of Ecology. Although cleanup of defense-related waste at Hanford holds many positive benefits, negative features include high costs to the US taxpayer, numerous uncertainties concerning the technologies to be employed and the risks involved, and the high probability that special interest groups and activists at large will never be completely satisfied. Issues concerning future use of the site, whether to protect and preserve its natural features or open it to public exploitation, remain to be resolved.     

中国核电厂场址地震危险性评定方法

在地震危险性概率方法应用的基础上,本文对影响核电厂场址地震危险性评定值的四个重要因素,诸如工作区潜在震源区的判定、地震活动性的时空非均匀性、地震动衰减关系及其衰减模型进行了讨论和改进,提出了一个核电厂场址地震危险性评定的方法。应用该法可提高核电厂场址地震危险性评定的可靠性和显著的经济效益。文中还讨论了地震构造法对核电厂场址地震危险性评定的应用。最后,应用本文提供的2种方法,对秦山核电厂场址进行了地震危险性评定,选取2种方法中的最大值即为核电厂场址地震危险性的评定值。     

Disaster policy and nuclear liability: Insights from post-Chernobyl agriculture in the United Kingdom

The recent events at Chernobyl have again brought the issues of nuclear safety to the forefront of the nuclear power debate. Fortunately, our experience with such incidents has been very limited, but it is important to learn as much as possible from such events so as to minimize the cost and effect of any other nuclear incidents, be they small or large. Much of the discussion about the possible effects of nuclear incidents has centered around the human cost in terms of health. While this is undoubtedly of paramount concern, the effect of the release of radiation from Chernobyl on the agricultural resource base in Europe can provide valuable insights on how to reduce the costs associated with the contamination of agricultural areas. This article outlines some of the lessons that can be learned using the livestock-raising industry in northern Wales as an example.     

日本福岛核事故后的海洋放射性监测进展

全面总结日本福岛核事故后不同核素通过海洋途径排放的放射性总量;介绍多个国家开展的海洋放射性监测工作;基于海洋放射性本底与各国制定的限值标准,对福岛核事故后海洋放射性监测结果进行评价;最后对国内外的海洋放射性监测工作进行展望,从海洋环境安全角度出发,提出建立我国海洋放射性数据库的必要性.     

环境雌激素生物效应的作用机制研究进展

环境雌激素(Environmental Estrogens, EEs)种类繁多、来源多样且分布广泛,大量工业添加剂、食品添加剂和农药类物质已被证实具有雌激素活性。EEs对人体生殖、神经、免疫等系统生物毒性,已经引起了公众的普遍关注。近年来的研究表明,EEs不仅可以结合雌激素核受体(nuclear Estrogen Receptor, nER)干扰正常的雌激素基因组信号通路,还能活化雌激素膜受体(membrane Estrogen Receptor, mER)引发快速的雌激素非基因组信号转导途径。本文总结了EEs通过nER、mER介导的多种雌激素基因组和非基因组信号途径及其产生的生物学效应,综述了在其毒理学作用机理基础上发展的环境样品的雌激素活性评估和EEs混合物的联合作用研究,以期为该类污染物的筛查、风险评估和进一步的机制研究提供参考。     

The Thermal Discharges From Nuclear Power Plants in Taiwan

The increasing use of sea water for industrial cooling presents a real threat to the ecological environment in the ocean. in Taiwan where many electric power plants along the coast take sea water for cooling, people are concerned seriously about nuclear power plants. There are three nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Each plant has two units for generating power. the first two are located along the northern coast of Taiwan. the third is located in Kenting National Park along the coast of southernmost Taiwan. the plants take sea water for cooling, and discharge their heated effluents to the ocean surface from the coast. the thermal effluents have variable effects on the ecological environment near the plants. Fishermen living near the power plants complain that the heated water affects the inshore fishery catch. in addition, the thermal water from the second plant is easily accumulated near the coastal zone to influence the nearby swimming area in the summer-time. the thermal water from the third plant bleaches or kills some corals in shallow water near the outlet, and this conflicts with the interests of Kenting National Park.     

我国居民对核事故不同关注下的风险感知研究

本研究基于福岛核事故在田湾核电站所在地江苏省连云港市开展核风险感知调查。结果表明:所研究的5个风险感知因子均值由高到低分别为:影响度>收益度>信任度>接受度>了解度。公众对核电信息了解较少,电视和网络是公众获取核电信息的最主要来源。影响公众核风险感知的因素包括:性别、年龄、受教育程度、职业和家庭月收入等。对福岛核事故关注度不同的人群在了解度和影响度上存在显著差异,关注度高的公众对这2个风险感知因子的感知程度均较高,而高、低关注度的两类人群在信任度、收益度和接受度方面不存在显著差异。     

基于C4ISRE系统的核电站大气核污染扩散轨迹系统仿真研究

为了在核污染事故处理时提供精细化预警,以辽宁省某核电站周边部分重要目标（大衣屯、大周屯、红沿河镇、驼山乡、西杨乡、复大线应急撤离线路）为研究对象,将环境保护指挥自动化系统C4ISRE（Command,Control,Communications,Computer,Intelligence,Surveillance,Reconnaissance,Environmental Impact Assessment）与HYSPLIT 4.9模型相耦合,采用NCEP（美国国家环境预报中心）的FNL全球气象数据对核污染扩散轨迹进行仿真研究.结果表明:自模拟初始时间2014-04-01T00:00:00.00开始,进、出大衣屯边界时间分别为00:06:16.560、00:06:49.000,历时31.340 s;由西向东横穿过大周屯,进、出时间分别为于00:06:16.56到达大衣屯北部边界,于00:06:46.90扩散出大衣屯边界,经过大衣屯区域耗时共计29.00 s;核污染气团于00:15:30.85到达大周屯上空500 m处,由西向东横穿过大周屯,于00:15:46.05离开大周屯上空,过程耗时15.20 s;核污染气团于00:32:14.25经过重要应急撤离线路2（复大线）,全程耗时32 min 14.25 s.核污染气团与从2014-04-01T00:00:00.000进入红沿河镇上空500 m区域,于00:24:27.00扩散出,全程历时24 min 27.00 s;进、出驼山乡上空500 m区域的时间分别为00:24:28、00:51:00,历时26 min 32.00 s;进、出西杨乡上空的时间分别为00:51:01、01:05:4.70,历时14 min 37.00 s;重点区域大衣屯和大周屯行政区的预警时间分别为376.56、930.85 s,重点撤离线路2区域预警时间为1934.25 s.