Using Satellite and Other Data to Estimate the Annual Water Demand of an Irrigation District

Locating and forecasting water needs can assist the location of water in dry regions, and improve the management of reservoirs and the canal network. Satellite, ground data, and agrometeorological data were combined to forecast the volume of irrigation water needed during 1993 and 1994 in an irrigation district of 327 km2 located in the Ebro basin, Spain. The main crops were rice, alfalfa plus forage, winter cereals (barley and wheat), sunflower and maize. Their extent was estimated every year by frame area sampling and a regression estimator with satellite data. Initial crop area statistics were obtained by expansion of the sample areas to the entire study area and then a regression estimator with the multitemporal supervised classification of two Landsat-5 TM images was applied. This procedure improved the precision of the estimates by expansion. Net water requiremets (m3 ha-1) of the above mentioned crops were computed from reference evapotranspiration estimates, crop coefficients and effective precipitation. These computations were performed for an average year, i.e. by using long-term averaged meteorological data. Crop hectarage and net crop water requirements were multiplied to obtain, for the entire study area, the volume (hm3 106 m3) of the net crop water requirements. After subtraction of water taken directly from the rivers and non-productive sunflower, the irrigation water volumes were estimated. The comparison of these forecasts with the volumes of water invoiced by the Ebro Basin Water Authority confirmed the feasibility of forecasting the volume of water applied to an individual irrigation district. This is an objective and practical method for estimating the irrigation water volume applied in an irrigated area.     

兰州市西固区蔬菜重金属污染现状及健康风险评价研究

针对西北地区典型的工业区-兰州市西固工业区内种植的蔬菜进行重金属含量状况调查分析,对购自当地市场的8种蔬菜中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn 4种重金属元素的含量进行分析,通过污染指数法和经蔬菜途径重金属暴露接触对人体的健康风险进行了系统评价.结果表明,蔬菜中均不含有Pb元素或Pb元素在蔬菜中的含量比较少,低于分析方法检测限;Cu元素含量最高的是茄子为0.067 mg/kg,含量最低的是菜花为0.015 mg/kg;Cd元素含量最高的是芹菜为0.067 mg/kg,含量最低的是白菜为0.023 mg/kg;Zn元素含量最高的是菠菜为1.001 mg/kg,含量最低的是辣椒为0.274 mg/kg.美国环境健康风险评估方法评价所得THQ值均小于1,表明实验所采集的大多数蔬菜样品的重金属含量符合农产品安全质量要求.     

京津冀晋地区80年代的干旱及其对水资源的影响

本文利用１９５１～１９８９年气象资料及１９５６～１９８４年水文资料，统计分析了京津冀晋地区降水量和水资源各分量的变化趋势，强调了８０年代干旱对水资源的影响，建立了水资源总量与降水量之间关系的统计模式。     

江苏省某化工区污水处理厂A~2O工艺的生产调试

江苏省某化工区污水处理厂采用A2O工艺,进水以工业废水为主,采用污泥接种和污泥培养相结合的方式配菌驯化,根据实际情况进行工艺参数优化,对调试过程中发现的问题进行了解决,最终取得调试成功。     

浙江庆元苍岱银多金属矿成矿模式探讨与找矿方向

作者通过对浙江庆元苍岱矿区成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征的分析,参照区域典型矿床的勘查研究成果,建立了适合本区的受中生代火山机构控制的火山-次火山热液型银铅锌多金属矿成矿模式,对指导矿区下一步找矿具有重要意义。通过深入研究,指出放弃浅部金银,主攻深部铅锌多金属的找矿思路。提出在物探、化探和地质高精度综合剖面测量基础上,采用钻探进行深部验证的工作方法,对于指导矿区及区域内火山岩覆盖区的矿产勘查具用重要意义。     

淮北某采煤塌陷复垦区土质分析与复垦适宜性评价

通过对采煤塌陷区不同用途土壤的有机质、pH、钙、镁、氮、磷、钾、速效钾含量进行的分析研究,探讨了塌陷区复垦地的肥力状况,为塌陷区复垦土地农业利用提供了技术参考和理论依据。结果表明:经过一定复垦作用后,土壤肥力有所上升,但仍然达不到土壤质量标准,采煤塌陷复垦区的有机质含量严重缺少,氮极缺,磷、速效钾、钾含量丰富,土壤中的钙镁含量经过复垦后都有一定程度的改善,采煤塌陷区土壤受污染比较严重,在复垦过程中应注意增施有机肥和氮肥。我们也不要盲目的复垦,在复垦过程中要考虑到经济效益、社会效益、环境效益三者的结合。     

宁安市城区集中供热工程环境效益探讨

实施集中供热是城市环境污染的根本途径,不仅可以大幅度地提高城镇供热质量,改善居民生活环境,满足城区集中供热突出问题,还可以推动城镇环境建设和经济发展,有利于旅游事业的拓凰     

五华区废水中CODcr监测结果分析

经过多年的严格管理,五华区大部分大中型排污单位已经能做到达标排放。环保管理应将重点转移到中小型企业,尤其是食品加工行业,禁止废水直接排入城市排水系统,要安装废水处理系统,在废水排放稳定达标的基础上,进一步深化处理和回用,削减CODCr排放量。同时加大对污染源的管理和治理,促使排污单位污染物排放达到国家排放标准。     

浅议步云工业集中区环境安全措施与对策

根据南湖区步云工业集中区化工企业集聚、环境风险高的特点,提出强化综合决策,保障环境安全,大力发展循环经济,实施生态园区建设,加强环境监督管理等环境安全战略对策。     

老工业区环评要点——以江苏常州钟楼经济开发区新闸工业园为例

以往开发区区域环评编制对象主要是新建开发区,较少涉及工业用地开发强度几近饱和的老开发区。本文以江苏常州钟楼经济开发区中新闸工业园区的区域环评为例,围绕“优化、调整、再优化”的思路,阐述了此类开发区环评编制的评价要点及方法,以及开发区环评编制过程中如何与规划调整的反馈互动的机制,系统地提出了老工业区环境评价的技术体系,为此类经济开发区的合理规划提供了借鉴与参考。