利用聚磷菌快速内源性反硝化脱氮研究

从部分聚磷菌在缺氧状态下的反硝化吸磷现象出发，探索了利用经过厌氧释磷，菌体内含有大量PHB的聚磷菌进行快速内源性反硝化脱氮的可能性。试验结果表明：聚磷菌在厌氧段充分有效释磷后，在缺氧段初期3—5min内，就能将30—40mg／L的NO^-3；内源性反硝化脱氮去除65％—75％，达到一级排放标准。     

碳源循环单级生物脱氮技术研究

开发了一种列管式固定化细胞生物反应器，其特征在于硝化菌和反硝化菌被混合固定于中空的PVA凝胶管的管壁之中，PVA凝胶管平行置于圆柱形筒体内，构成一个类似于列管式换热器的生物脱氮反应器。需要处理的氨氮废水在固定化细胞管的外侧与圆柱形壳体的内侧间流动，而反硝化所需的碳源（乙醇水溶液）则在PVA凝胶管内循环。研究了列管式固定化细胞生物反应器进行单级生物脱氮的可行性和连续运行的效果，并证明了在非纯菌种的固定化细胞单级生物脱氮过程化细胞生物反应器进行单级生物脱氮的可行性和连续运行的效果，并证明了在非纯菌种的固定化细胞单级生物脱氮过程中，存在着NH^ 4→NO^-2→N2的短积生物脱氮。     

石油污染土壤的生物整治研究

对被石油污染的包气带土层中微生物生态分布特性进行了调查，并从该土层中分离出１５９株烃降解细菌和真菌，其中１７株可以不同程度地分别利用烷烃（ｎＣ９～ｎＣ１８）和芳烃（酚、萘、甲苯和二甲苯）作为唯一碳源生长，在最适氮源和磷源的条件下，假音胞菌在５２在７ｄ内可利用石蜡作为碳源，生物量连续增加；３ｄ可将初始浓度为５００ｍｇ／Ｌ的机油降解９９％，投加选育出的混合菌株，进行土壤石油污染的生物整治模拟试验，结果     

Micro-electrolysis technology for industrial wastewater treatment

Experiments were conducted to study the role of micro-electrolysis in removing chromaticity and COD and improving the biodegradability of wastewater from pharmaceutical.dye-printing and papermaking plants.Results showed that the use of micro-electrolysis technology could remove more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD and greatly improved the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater.Lower initial pH could be advantageous to the removal of chromaticity. A retention time of 30 minutes was recommended for the process design of micro-electrolysis.For the use of micro-electrolysis in treatment of dye-printing wastewater,the removal rates of both chromaticity and COD were increased from neutral condition to acid condition for disperse blue wastewater;more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD could be removed in neutral condition for vital red wastewater.     

Multi-function adsorbent-photocatalyst MXene-TiO2 composites for removal of enrofloxacin antibiotic from water

MXenes, a new family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides, have attracted tremendous attention for various applications due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and ion intercalability. In this work, Ti₃C₂ MXene, or MX, is converted to MX-TiO₂ composites using a simple and rapid microwave hydrothermal treatment in HCl/NaCl mixture solution that induces formation of fine TiO₂ particles on the MX parent structure and imparts photocatalytic activity to the resulting MX-TiO₂ composites. The composites were used for enrofloxacin (ENR), a frequently found contaminating antibiotic, removal from water. The relative amount of the MX and TiO₂ can be controlled by controlling the hydrothermal temperature resulting in composites with tunable adsorption/photocatalytic properties. NaCl addition was found to play important role as composites synthesized without NaCl could not adsorb enrofloxacin well. Adding NaCl into the hydrothermal treatment causes sodium ions to be simultaneously intercalated into the composite structure, improving ENR adsorption greatly from 1 to 6 mg ENR/g composite. It also slows down the MX to TiO₂ conversion leading to a smaller and more uniform distribution of TiO₂ particles on the structure. MX-TiO₂/NaCl composites, which have sodium intercalated in their structures, showed both higher ENR adsorption and photocatalytic activity than composites without NaCl despite the latter having higher TiO₂ content. Adsorbed ENR on the composites can be efficiently degraded by free radicals generated from the photoexcited TiO₂ particles, leading to high photocatalytic degradation efficiency. This demonstrates the synergetic effect between adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of the synthesized compounds.     

膜生物反应器处理生活污水的膜污染研究

本文研究的是采用一体式膜生物反应器处理生活污水过程中膜污染问题.试验结果表明:运行初期,由于膜孔堵塞膜通量下降速率较快,但随着运行时间的延长,膜通量下降缓慢且趋于一定值,膜污染也基本保持稳定;膜生物反应器处理高效优质,出水水质不受冲击负荷的影响,膜对部分有机物的截留作用使系统对COD的去除率保持在较高水平上,但膜对总磷的去除不明显;污泥沉降性能与膜污染具有相关性,污泥沉降性能的恶化直接加剧了膜污染.     

COD负荷对MBSBBR脱氮除磷性能的影响研究

以模拟废水为处理对象,采用一套特定的MBSBBR系统,研究了COD负荷率对COD和NH4+-N去除率的影响,验证并分析了系统的SND现象。实验结果表明:COD负荷率为2.88～4.96kg/(m3·d)时,NH4+-N的去除率在70%左右,TP去除率在85%左右。系统对有机物具有良好的去除能力,可以承受较高的有机负荷率。系统中存在SND现象,反硝化菌大量存在,反硝化过程的碳源主要来自生物膜。系统的污泥产率较低,随着COD负荷率的增大而略有提高。     

生物除磷活性污泥系统微生物学研究进展

强化生物除磷工艺（enhanced biological phospho rusremoval，简称EBPR）是引起世界各国广泛关注并投入巨资研究的一种污水处理新型技术，但关于EBPR过程的微生物学知识却知之甚少，还存在一些模糊甚至错误的认识．近年来，以rRNA为基础的分子生物学技术的应用极大改变了以前对EBPR微生物群落的认识，但对其种群动态和作用机制方面的了解还远远不够．本文总结了近年来在EBPR系统微生物学研究方面的进展，并对EBPR技术的未来发展做一展望，以期推动此技术在污水处理业的应用．参40     

人工湿地对有机污染物的去除效果与动态特征

通过对荣成人工湿地污水处理系统1999年1月至2004年12月间监测数据进行分析,确定系统的处理效果及有机污染物去除效果的动态特征。结果表明,人工湿地对SS、COD、BOD5均有很好的去除效果,出水质量浓度分别为27.6±6.6、90.0±12.5和22.7±4.3 mg.L-1,去除率分别为73.9%、63.8%和72.5%。大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群去除率分别为99.7%和99.6%。对NH4 -N和TP去除效果较差,出水质量浓度分别为11.2±2.7和2.03±0.29 mg.L-1,去除率分别为45.1%和30.2%。BOD5、COD的去除效果和季节变化有一定关系,每年的4—7月BOD5去除效果最佳,1月和12月去除效果最差。COD的去除效果每年6月和7月最高,1月和12月最低。分析BOD5、COD和SS去除效果的年际变化发现,BOD5和COD年平均去除率从1999年到2004年有增加的趋势。     

Experimental evidence for helping and hindering by previous offspring in the cooperative-breeding Seychelles warbler Acrocephalus sechellensis

Prebreeding Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) frequently act as helpers on their natal territory, aiding in territory defence, predator mobbing, nestbuilding, incubation (only females) and feeding dependent young of their parents. In some cases helpers could attain breeding status (e.g. by joint-nesting) in their natal group and become co-breeders. Comparisons of group size and reproductive success on a given quality territory suggest that the presence of alloparents (helpers and cobreeders) significantly affects the reproductive success of their parents. The influence of alloparents on reproductive success was examined by removing alloparents from breeding units and comparing the success of natural-sized and artificially reduced groups. Removal experiments, controlled for territory quality, group size and breeder age, showed that the presence of one alloparent significantly improved the reproductive success of its parents. Analysis strongly suggests that this was entirely due to helping behaviour (i.e. providing care to offspring of their parents), thereby improving the helper's inclusive fitness benefits from staying at home. However, these experiments showed also that the presence of two or more alloparents in medium-quality territories significantly decreased reproductive success, compared with groups with one alloparent. Several lines of evidence suggest that this may have been due to the joint-nesting and reproductive competition that could occur in breeding groups, or simply to resource depression when a large number of previous offspring remained on their natal territory.