新型聚铝硅复合絮凝剂的制备及性能研究

本文初步制备了两种新型聚铝硅复合絮凝剂：聚铝硅（含活化硅酸聚合铝，ＰＡＣＳｉ）和聚硅铝（聚硅酸硫酸铝，ＰＳｉＡＳ），研究对比了ＰＡＣＳｉ，ＰＳｉＡＳ与ＰＡＣ的絮凝性能。考察了硅酸聚合程度，硅、铝含量对其絮凝性能的影响，结果表明，提高硅酸聚合程度或硅、铝含量的增加均有利于增强絮凝性能，且随（Ｓｉ）／（Ａｌ）比值的提高，其絮凝性能也明显增加，在铝含量相同情况下，聚铝硅和聚硅铝的絮凝性能均优于聚合氯化铝     

含硫及含氯化肥对湘南水田土壤酸度和养分有效性的影响

1990年5—11月,在湖南祁阳中国农科院红壤实验站水稻田布置田间试验,研究结果证实,在早稻和晚稻生长期间,与含氯化肥相比,施含硫化肥更能降低土壤pH而使土壤酸化,因而在南方水田施用含硫化肥时,必须和石灰及生理碱性肥相配合。同时,施含硫化肥能提高土壤有效性磷和钾的含量,增强土壤保肥与供肥能力。对大田水样中养分离子监测的结果表明,施含硫化肥减少钾离子的淋失;而施含氯化肥则减少硝态氮的淋溶,提高水田氮肥的利用率。     

Changes in singing behavior of male black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) following mate removal

We removed the mates of ten male black-capped chickadees (Pares atricapillus) during the nest-building period to determine the effect of female presence on dawn singing. During the first dawn chorus following mate removal, males sang significantly longer, increased movement within their territory, and increased the percentage of their territory covered while singing. After the female was returned, these parameters returned to the pre-removal values. Males did not alter the frequency range or modal frequency of their songs when the mate was removed, nor did they change the degree of frequency shifting in the fee-bee song. We conclude that dawn singing in the black-capped chickadee acts, in part, as an intersexual signal, and that the behavior of frequency shifting in the song may be directed more toward rival males than females. Correspondence to: K. Otter     

赤潮防治剂对中国对虾的毒性研究

为研究赤潮防治剂对中国对虾的影响,进行了粘土、Ｃａ（ＣＩＯ）２、ＡＩＣＩ３、ＦｅＣＩ３对中国对虾的毒性实验。结果表明：（１）粘土对对虾基本无毒性;（２）Ｃａ（ＣＩＯ）２在低浓度下对对虾无毒,在高浓度下对对虾有急性和慢性毒性;（３）ＡＩＣＩ３和ＦｅＣＩ３在对虾体内有一定的积累,但其毒性效应有待于进一步分析。     

Effects of adsorption interferents on removal of reactive red 195 dye in wastewater by chitosan

Reactive Red 195, which is an azoic anionic dye characterized by the presence of five sulfonic groups and one azoic group, is efficiently removed using chitosan. The increasing chitosan dose had a dramatic positive impact on the achieved color removal, there was approximately a linear relationship between chitosan dose and color removal of dye before color removal reach maximum. Also, the increase of dye concentration led to the increase of chitosan dosage in order to get the same color remova l.92 mg/L of chitosan dosage was sufficient to achieve complete remove of dye at initial concentration of dye at 200 mg/L. For the higher concentrations of dye, high dosages were necessary to reach complete color removal. On the other hand, the use of adsorption interferents（Fe^2＋ , Na^＋ , HCO3^- and others） can be interesting, addition of ions had effect on the color removal of Reactive Red 195. Comparing with blank, addition of chemical species approximately decreased the color removal except Na^＋ and combination of Fe^2＋ ＋ HCO3^- . However, comparing with Fe^2＋ alone and HCO3^- alone, combination of Fe^2＋ ＋ HCO3^- increased the color removal.     

污水土地处理水旱轮作条件下碳素在土层中迁移特征的模拟实验

为了解污水土地处理过程 中不同土壤类型土壤溶液Ｐ含量和迁移特征，在一种特殊２的大型人工模拟土层和地下水实验装置中进行试验。研究结果表明：水田条件下１．５ｍ～０．５ｍ土壤溶液Ｐ含量极低（≤０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ），但在旱地条件下，Ｐ含量上升至０．０４５ｍｇ／Ｌ～０．６２８ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ素随入渗污水向下迁移距离可达１．１ｍ。在低水力负荷率和较长停留时间的运行条件下，１．３ｍ以下土壤溶液和地下水的Ｐ含量处于安全     

用MBR-PAC方法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

利用MBR-PAC对垃圾渗滤液进行了试验研究,其短期内可以达到较好的处理效果,COD去除率为72%,BOD去除率85%,氨氮的去除率72%,并对其处理机理进行了简单的分析。     

强化A2/O工艺反硝化除磷性能的运行控制策略

以啤酒废水为研究对象,重点考察了如何强化A2/O工艺反硝化除磷性能,从而提高营养物去除效果、并实现节能的目的.试验中建立了3种运行控制策略:(1)根据缺氧区末端出水硝酸盐的浓度控制内循环回流量;(2)调节厌氧/缺氧/好氧区体积比以减少厌氧区出水剩余COD对缺氧磷吸收的影响;(3)向缺氧区引入旁流并调节旁流比.试验结果表明,当缺氧区末端出水硝酸盐浓度控制在1～3 mg·L-1时,不仅可强化反硝化除磷效果,而且可以节省内循环所需能耗;厌氧/缺氧/好氧区最佳体积比为1/1/2;旁流的引入可以提高低C/N比条件下TN的去除,最优旁流比为0.32.     

水溶液中邻二氯苯的超声去除

研究了超声辐照技术去除模拟废水中的邻二氯苯的效果和影响因素,包括超声电功率、初始浓度、溶液初始pH值、空气曝气以及自由基抑制剂等;研究结果表明,超声辐照去除邻二氯苯主要以空化泡内的高温热解为主,并分析了邻二氯苯超声去除的途径和机理。     

几种生物脱氮新工艺的比较

目前已经发现了2种微生物脱氯新途径：一是根据好氧氨氧化菌具有反硝化能力，从而在一定条件下反硝化脱氯：二是在功能微生物的作用下，亚硝酸盐与氨离子一起厌氧氨氧化，并且发现了厌氧氨氧化菌与好氧氨氧化菌或甲烷菌能协同耦合在一种有利的微生态环境中。基于以上新途径提出了几种生物脱氟新工艺，包括了：SHARON、ANAMMOX、SHARON—ANAMMOX、CANON、OLAND、NOX工艺、需氧反氨化工艺（Aerobic deammonification）、甲烷化与厌氧氨氧化耦舍工艺。