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841.
利用合成的PNIPAAm/AAc交联共聚温敏性水凝胶分别对水溶液中微量的Y^2+,CU2^2+离子进行浓集分离研究。实验结果表明,凝胶能有效浓集Y^2+,UO2^2+离子,在PH=1~4范围内,凝胶的溶胀比及对Y^3+,UO2^2+的浓集率均随PH的增大而增大,浓集率分别达到80%和90%,凝胶溶胀比的增大浓集量分别为5.293mg.g^-1、36.16mg.g^-1凝胶的表面积也对浓集率有限大影 相似文献
842.
843.
SO2在Co—Mo/AC催化剂上的还原 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
本文研究了活性焦(AC)担载Co-Mo催化剂对SO2还原的催化性能。考查了催化剂不同的预处理方法,H2/SO2摩尔比和还原温度对还原过程硫产率的影响,并就硫化后的Co-Mo和活性焦在催化床不同的构成对硫产率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,经硫化后的催化剂在SO2+2H2→S+2H2O反应有较高的催化活性,在最佳反应温度300℃,H/SO摩尔比为3,空速6000L;kg^-1.h^-1条件下,生成硫的产 相似文献
844.
By scoring the chromosome number of developing embryos, we show that the sex ratio bias of the African social spider Stegodyphus dumicola Pocock is the result of an overproduction of female embryos. Only 17% of 585 embryos sexed from 14 egg sacs were male, a
significant departure from a 1:1 sex ratio. We also explored the possibility of direct control of the sex of individual offspring
in this species by examining the variance in the number of males per sac and the spatial distribution of male and female embryos
within the sacs. We postulated that a variance in the number of males per sac lower than binomial (i.e., underdispersed or
precise sex ratios) or a non-random distribution of male embryos within the sacs would suggest direct control of the sex of
individual offspring. We found that the variance in the number of males per sac was indistinguishable from binomial and significantly
larger than expected under exact ratios. Likewise, the spatial distribution of male embryos within three sacs examined was
no more clustered than expected by chance. The sex ratio biasing mechanism in this species, therefore, apparently only allows
control of the mean sex ratio but not of its variance. We present randomization and Monte Carlo methods that can be applied
to test for departures from a random spatial arrangement of male and female embryos in an egg mass and for departures from
binomial or exact ratios when not all members of a clutch have been sexed.
Received: 21 October 1998 / Received in revised form: 23 March 1999 / Accepted: 26 April 1999 相似文献
845.
Variance in female quality, operational sex ratio and male mate choice in a bushcricket 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Male bushcrickets, Kawanaphila nartee, exercise mate choice when nutrients are limited. Male mate choice is associated with a female-biased operational sex ratio
(OSR) that arises from an increased relative paternal investment under nutrient limitation. However, increased male choosiness
could be attributable to the fact that females vary more in fecundity, and consequently in mate quality, when nutrient limited.
Our objective was to experimentally partition the influences of OSR (male or female bias) and variance in mate quality (high
or low) and to assess their relative influence on the intensity of mate choice by male bushcrickets. Female quality was manipulated
by controlled feeding regimes that directly affected female fecundity. We found that males and females engaged in sexual interactions
sooner under a male-biased than a female-biased OSR. Males were more likely to reject females on their first encounter when
variance in female quality was high. However, the effect of quality variance on the total number of rejections during a 4-h
observation period was dependent on the perceived OSR. A male's prior experience of variance in female quality did not influence
male choosiness. Our observed rates of mate rejection conformed well with those predicted from recent theoretical models of
sexual differences in choosiness. In conclusion, our results show that the opportunity for selection via male mate choice
is influenced by an interaction between OSR and the variance in mate quality that arises within nutrient-limited populations
of females.
Received: 5 January 1998 / Accepted after revision: 25 October 1998 相似文献
846.
Contradictory findings in studies of sex ratio variation in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A. J. Mark Hewison Reidar Andersen Jean-Michel Gaillard John D. C. Linnell Daniel Delorme 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,45(5):339-348
Patterns of sex ratio variation and maternal investment reported in the literature are often inconsistent. This could be
due to intra- and inter-specific variation in social systems, but may also be a result of the a posteriori nature of much
of this type of analysis or the testing of models which are inappropriate. Two recent papers reported directly opposed results
concerning variation in offspring sex ratios in relation to maternal condition in roe deer, interpreting the results as support
for the Trivers and Willard model and for the local resource competition hypothesis, respectively. In this paper, we present
data on offspring sex ratios and early juvenile body weight from two long-term studies of this species to test predictions
arising from these two models concerning sex biases in litter composition and maternal care. First, we observed no consistent
pattern of sex differences in an index of weaning weight or body weight at 1 month old in either population, indicating a
lack of sex bias in maternal care. However, in one population, higher maternal body weight was associated with higher juvenile
body weight of daughters, but not of sons. Secondly, we found a negative, but not statistically significant, relationship
between maternal body weight and litter sex ratio such that heavier females tended to produce more daughters and lighter females
to produce more sons. These results indicate that roe females which have additional investment potential available do not
invest it in sons, as predicted by the Trivers and Willard model. Our results may provide some support that roe deer are subject
to local resource competition acting at the level of the individual mother; however, the fact that particular trends in sex
ratio data can be explained in functional terms provides no indication that they are actually adaptive.
Received: 9 December 1997 / Accepted after revision: 11 November 1998 相似文献
847.
The host size model, an adaptive model for maternal manipulation of offspring sex ratio, was examined for the parasitoid
wasp Spalangia endius. In a Florida strain, as the model predicts, daughters emerged from larger hosts than sons, but only when mothers received
both small and large hosts simultaneously. The pattern appeared to result from the mother's ovipositional choice and not from
differential mortality of the sexes during development. If sex ratio manipulation is adaptive in the Florida strain, it appears
to be through a benefit to daughters of developing on large hosts rather than through a benefit to sons of developing on small
hosts. Both female and male parasitoids were larger when they developed on larger hosts. For females, developing on a larger
host (1) increased offspring production, except for the largest hosts, (2) increased longevity, (3) lengthened development,
and (4) had no effect on wing loading. For males, development on a larger host had no effect on any measure of male fitness
– mating success, longevity, development duration, or wing loading. In contrast, a strain from India showed no difference
in the size of hosts from which daughters versus sons emerged, although both female and male parasitoids were larger when
they developed on larger hosts. These results together with previous studies of Spalangia reveal no consistent connection between host-size-dependent sex ratio and host-size-dependent parasitoid size among strains
of S. endius or among species of Spalangia.
Received: 28 October 1998 / Received in revised form: 20 May 1999 / Accepted: 30 May 1999 相似文献
848.
Susana García-Alonso Rosa María Pérez-Pastor María Luisa Sevillano-Castaño 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(3):147-150
The focus of this study was to characterize the concentration levels of selected PCBs and compare them to compiled data in
order to contribute to the international database. The sampling site is located in the outskirts of Madrid and can be considered
an open urban area. 32 samples of air were taken from February 1998 to June 1998 by using a high volume air sampler. Glass
fiber filters and polyurethane foam (PUF) were used to collect the paniculate and gas phase material, respectively.
PUF plugs were Soxhlet extracted and filters were ultrasonically extracted by using pesticide-grade hexane and dichloromethane,
respectively. The cleanup procedure was carried out on a florisil column with hexane and hexane/dichloromethane as elution
solvents.
GC/MS in a selected ion monitoring mode was used for quantification and 29 selected PCBs congeners were analyzed. 相似文献
849.
850.