关于Marpol 73／78附则VI的出台经过及对策

介绍国际海事组织海上环境保护委员会关于Ｍａｒｐｏｌ ７３／７８公约附则ＶＩ的有关焦点问题的讨论情况，该附则Ⅵ业已以议定书形式被外交大会通过。它所涉及的范围较广，技术设备难度大，为贯彻落实该规则尚须在管理上，船舶设备条件等方面下功夫，以满足公约防止船舶对大气污染的要求。     

A／O工艺处理石油化工废水试验研究

本文介绍了采用Ａ／Ｏ新工艺组合处理高浓度的炼油、化工混合废水中试情况，试验结果表明；Ａ／Ｏ新工艺组合具有抗冲击性能好，产泥量少，在一定条件下，出水各项指标达标排放，还就填料选择、含氮化合物的消化反应、污泥生物相和各池工艺参数相互关系进行了讨论。     

UV/TiO_2膜深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

研究了以固定相TiO2为催化剂光催化降解垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的可行性。试验了制备TiO2膜的适宜条件以及光照时间等各种因素对COD的去除率和UV335脱色率的影响。研究表明,COD为418mg/L的垃圾渗滤液经400W高压汞灯光照30min,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率分别为44.3%和75.0%。光照时间60min时,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率可提高至54%和90%。光照30min后与活性炭柱联用,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率分别提高到68.3%和84.6%。     

某糠醛厂排放废水及周围地下水的GC/MS测定

某地地下水显淡黄色有异味，为查明被污染原因，我们利用ＧＤＸ－１０２树脂富集，对该处唯一的一家工厂——某糠醛厂排放的废水及其周围地下水同时进行了ＧＣ／ＭＳ测定．以上两种水体中均有呋喃类化合物（包括糠醛）及酚类化合物检出，而远离工厂的上游地下水未发现以上两类化合物，这一结果表明，该地下水区被工厂排放的废水所污染     

超声波/Fenton联用对对硝基苯酚的处理

采用超声/Fenton联用技术对水中对硝基苯酚(P-NP)进行处理,探讨了单纯超声(US)、Fenton试剂法、US/Fenton试剂法联用对P-NP的处理效果和影响因素,结果表明,对于浓度为10mg/L的P-NP, 当pH=3、H2O2与Fe2 投加量之比为10:1、H2O2投加量为40mg/L时降解效果最好,通过动力学分析发现US/Fenton试剂法对P-NP的降解具有明显的协同效应.     

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency by steroid analysis in the amniotic fluid of mid-pregnancy: Comparison with HLA typing in 17 pregnancies at risk for CAH

Amniotic fluid (AF) levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and testosterone (T) were determined at 16–17 weeks in 17 pregnancies at risk for CAH and results compared to 75 normal controls. The fetus was predicted to be unaffected in 12 cases on the findings of normal AF levels of both 17OHP and T and the latter allowed a correct prediction of fetal sex in all instances. HLA typing confirmed normality in 12 cases revealing 5 carriers, 5 homozygous normal and 2 indeterminate. Steroid levels of the 2 groups were similar. Three fetuses were predicted to be CAH affected on unambiguously high levels of 17OHP and T (in female only). HLA typing was in agreement, and the diagnosis was confirmed in 2 abortuses and a female newborn by physical and hormonal studies. In the last 2 cases AF levels of OHP and T were normal but HLA (A/B/C) genotypes were identical to the CAH affected siblings. Normal physical and hormonal findings in the 2 aborted fetuses would exclude the possibility of an in utero virilizing form of CAH. The discrepancy could be explained on the basis that the fetuses had an allelic form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency or on the basis of recombination (not fully tested). It is concluded that a fully informative prenatal diagnosis of CAH should not rely entirely on HLA typing but on hormonal studies.     

Insights into the mechanism of the deterioration of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox under low residual ammonium

Residual ammonium is a critical parameter affecting the stability of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, mainstream PN/A was established and operated with progressively decreasing residual ammonium. PN/A deteriorated as the residual ammonium decreased to below 5 mg/L, and this was paralleled by a significant loss in anammox activity in situ and an increasing nitrite oxidation rate. Further analysis revealed that the low-ammonium condition directly decreased anammox activity in situ via two distinct mechanisms. First, anammox bacteria were located in the inner layer of the granular sludge, and thus were disadvantageous when competing for ammonium with ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the outer layer. Second, the complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) was enriched at low residual ammonium concentrations because of its high ammonium affinity. Both AOB and comammox presented kinetic advantages over anammox bacteria. At high residual ammonium concentrations, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were effectively suppressed, even when their maximum activity was high due to competition for nitrite with anammox bacteria. At low residual ammonium concentrations, the decrease in anammox activity in situ led to an increase in nitrite availability for nitrite oxidation, facilitating the activation of NOB despite the dissolved oxygen limitation (0.15–0.35 mg/L) for NOB persisting throughout the operation. Therefore, the deterioration of mainstream PN/A at low residual ammonium was primarily triggered by a decline in anammox activity in situ. This study provides novel insights into the optimized design of mainstream PN/As in engineering applications.     

分光光度法测定水样中铬

在ｐＨ４．４ＨＡＣ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲介质及乳化剂ＯＰ存在下，Ｃｒ６＋与二溴羟基苯基荧光酮（ＤＢＨＰＦ）显色反应生成桔红色络合物．该络合物最大吸收位于４８２ｎｍ波长处，表现摩尔吸光系数εｍａｘ＝３．４７×１０４．络合物配位比为Ｃｒ６＋：ＤＢＨＰＦ＝２：３，Ｃｒ６＋在０－１６μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内遵守比耳定律．方法已用于水样中微量铬的测定，结果满意．     

江宁开发区污水处理厂二期调试运行

江宁开发区污水处理厂建设规模为4万m^3／d，分两期建成，采用氧化沟处理工艺，污泥处理采用不经消化的带式脱水工艺。在此主要叙述了各工艺构筑物的设备配置、功能、设计参数及二期工程的试运行情况。     

金堆城超大型钼矿床水-岩δD-δ~(18)O同位素交换体系理论模型及成矿流体来源

基于水-岩δD-δ18O同位素交换体系理论模型的建立和计算，对金堆城超大型斑岩钼矿四个不同成矿期中成矿流体的演化和来源进行了研究，发现在成矿前期和早期，成矿流体为岩浆水与围岩在较低水／岩比值（0．1W／R＞0．001）和中、高温（t=250～500℃）条件下反应后的残余流体，而主成矿期和成矿晚期的成矿流作为大气降水在相对较高水／岩比值（0．5＞W／R0．1）和中、低温（t＝150～310℃）条件下与围岩反应后的残留流体。大气降水在金堆城钼矿成矿过程中起了重要作用。在主成矿期水／岩比值达到最高。