Performance of bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron particles for removal of oxytetracycline

In this study, bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron particles(nZVI), including copper/nanoscale zero-valent iron particles(Cu/nZVI) and nickel/nanoscale zero-valent iron particles(Ni/nZVI), were synthesized by one-step liquid-phase reduction and applied for oxytetracycline(OTC) removal. The effects of contact time and initial p H on the removal efficiency were studied. The as-prepared nanoscale particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Finally, the degradation mechanisms of OTC utilizing the as-prepared nanoparticles were investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and mass spectrometry(MS). Cu/n ZVI presented remarkable ability for OTC degradation and removed71.44% of OTC(100 mg/L) in 4 hr, while only 62.34% and 31.05% of OTC was degraded by Ni/nZVI and nZVI respectively. XPS and MS analysis suggested that OTC was broken down to form small molecules by ·OH radicals generated from the corrosion of Fe0. Cu/nZVI and Ni/n ZVI have been proved to have potential as materials for application in OTC removal because of their significant degradation ability toward OTC.     

UV/H2O2降解美罗培南的影响因素及毒性研究

利用波长为254 nm的紫外灯活化过氧化氢(H_2O_2)氧化降解美罗培南(MPN),考察了H_2O_2投加量、初始pH值、水中常见共存阴离子(Cl~-、HCO~-_3、NO~-_3)和天然有机化合物(NOM)等重要影响因素对MPN降解的影响.结果表明,紫外光功率为4 W,初始pH为7.0,n(H_2O_2)/n(MPN)=20∶1时,反应20 min后,MPN的降解率达到97.8%.H_2O_2投加量的增加会加快MPN的降解速率,Cl~-和HCO~-_3对UV/H_2O_2体系中MPN去除效果的影响较小,极少量的NO~-_3会促进MPN的降解,当NO~-_3的浓度≥10 mg·L~(-1)时,MPN的降解受到抑制,且离子浓度越高,抑制程度表现越明显.NOM的存在对MPN的降解有抑制作用.与纯水相比,MPN在实际水体中的去除受到抑制,归因于水体基质的影响.大肠杆菌的急性毒性实验研究表明,MPN的中间转化产物保留了一些抗菌性能,但光解的最终产物无抗菌性能.     

纳米零价铜活化分子氧降解水中恩诺沙星

采用纳米零价铜(nanoscale zero-valent copper,nZVC)活化分子氧对水中恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENR)的去除进行了系统研究.通过表征可以发现,纳米铜粉比表面积高于微米级铜粉,无孔隙结构,表面粗糙且容易团聚.纳米级ZVC活化分子氧的性能明显优于微米级ZVC,这主要归因于其较大的比表面积,更容易被腐蚀.通过探究活化机制可以发现,活化分子氧产生的H_2O_2和表面腐蚀产生的Cu+构成了新型类Fenton体系,持续释放的羟基自由基是造成水中ENR高效去除的主导活性物种;同时,反应过程中产生的超氧自由基能够促进Cu2+还原成Cu+,从而加速ENR的去除过程.反应条件对nZVC活化分子氧降解ENR有一定的影响,较高的nZVC投加量、较低ENR浓度、较高的反应温度以及强酸性条件均有利于ENR的去除.     

道路沥青中长寿命自由基特征及二次生成

本研究运用电子顺磁共振波谱方法（EPR）发现道路沥青中含有大量的环境持久性自由基（EPFRs）,说明道路沥青可能是道路源大气颗粒物中EPFRs的重要来源途径.因此,进一步通过溶剂萃取从沥青中分离出不同极性组分,研究不同沥青组分中EPFRs的含量和种类分布特征,并且在这基础上探究道路沥青在光化学作用下二次生成EPFRs的潜能和特征.结果表明：沥青中含有的EPFRs类型是以碳原子为中心的自由基和以氧原子为中心的自由基混合存在（g=2.0032~2.0038）,主要可能是芳烃类自由基和半醌自由基.沥青中EPFRs主要存在于不可萃取组分和二氯甲烷可萃取组分中,推测沥青大多数的EPFRs可能源于沥青中的大分子芳香化合物和酚类组分.沥青在模拟太阳光照射后,可生成10%~20%的二次EPFRs,并且发现新生成的主要是以g因子较大的氧原子为中心的EPFRs.     

光助-电解锰渣/H2O2非均相体系氧化降解双酚S

以电解锰渣作为光催化剂构建非均相类光Fenton体系,采用双酚S为模型化合物,研究了该反应体系中双酚S氧化降解的降解机制及影响因素,并建立了·OH的生成速率模型以及溶解性有机质（DOM）影响的预测模型.结果表明,电解锰渣中具有催化效果的铁和锰的质量含量分别为1.49%和2.28%;相比UV、UV/电解锰渣、UV/H₂O₂和电解锰渣/H₂O₂体系,电解锰渣/UV/H₂O₂光Fenton体系对双酚S具有更好的氧化降解效果,双酚S的降解效果与电解锰渣投加量、H₂O₂浓度呈正相关,与pH值、双酚S初始浓度呈负相关;溶液中析出的Fe和Mn的浓度与pH值呈负相关,且电解锰渣/UV/H₂O₂氧化体系反应浸出的共存活性金属组分不利于双酚S降解;电子自旋共振和自由基淬灭实验发现电解锰渣/UV/H₂O₂体系中氧化降解双酚的主要活性物种是·OH.采用异丙醇构建了该体系中·OH的生成速率模型,计算可得·OH的生成速率R·^f_OH在3.22×10^-9~1.1×10^-8mol/（L·s）之间,与硝基苯拟合计算出的R·^f_OH（6.5×10^-9mol/（L·s））一致.双酚S降解效率随着DOM浓度的增加而降低.基于自由基稳态动力学理论建立了DOM存在下电解锰渣/UV/H₂O₂体系中双酚S降解的动力学预测模型,发现模型的预测值与实验值较好符合,说明DOM主要通过淬灭体系中的·OH影响双酚S的降解.     

Hydrogen Peroxide and Ultraviolet Irradiations in Water Treatment

Trihalomethanes (THMs) the by-products of chlorination in water treatment are recognised as a threat to public health due to their carcinogenicity. The photodegradation of THMs using hydrogen peroxide has been found to give increased removal efficiency and the outcome of the study may find, its application in designing a unit process for water treatment. Batch experiments were carried out using UV lamp of 83 W and 40% w/w Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in test waters between 2.5–10 pH range of chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform at 50–200 μg L⁻¹ initial concentration. 92–100% removal of chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform were found with 0.1% of H₂O₂ and 90 min of UV exposure.     

Radical Scavengers Suppress Low Frequency EMF Enhanced Proliferation in Cultured Cells and Stress Effects in Higher Plants

Summary In previous publications, we reported that sinusoidal varying magnetic fields (SVMF) modify the activity and dynamics of the malignancy marker adenosine deaminase, and enhance the proliferation of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). While the SVMF examined by us (50, 60 & 100 Hz / 0.06–0.7 mT) were all below kT, they may have the potential of altering chemical processes in which excited radicals are involved. We tested this hypothesis in two experimental systems: CEF in culture and Spirodela oligorrhiza (Lemnaceae) (a small aquatic plant, commonly known as Duckweed). CEF were exposed to SVMF of 100 Hz/0.7 mT for 24 h. The addition of the exogenous radical scavengers catalase, superoxide dismutase or vitamin E to the cells during exposure significantly suppressed enhancement of cell proliferation caused by the field (by 79, 67 and 82%, respectively, as evaluated by the MTT colorimetric assay). ¹⁵N NMR analysis of Duckweed plants fed by ¹⁵N-labeled ammonium chloride and exposed to SVMF at 60 and 100 Hz/0.7 mT for 24 h, revealed augmented alanine production. Alanine did not accumulate in the absence of SVMF. The addition of vitamin C, a radical scavenger, reduced alanine production by 82%. Exposure to SVMF resulted in specific metabolic stress effects in Duckweed plants and enhanced proliferation of CEF. In both cases, it is suggested that free radicals are involved.     

氯氟烃替代物与OH自由基光化学反应

保护生物多样性生物多样性是人类社会赖以生存和发展的物质基础，保护生物多样性，保证生物资源的持续利用是一项全球性任务，也是全球环境保护行动计划的重要组成部分。按照生物多样性国际公约的定义，生物多样性“是指所有来源和形形色色的生物体，这些来源包括陆地、海...     

提高钙基吸着剂脱硫活性的试验研究

研究制备了两类吸着剂，一类在Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２中混入易潮解性盐和碱，另一类是Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２与燃煤飞灰的水合物。在积分式固定床反应器系统的脱硫活性测试表明，添加剂的吸湿作用加速了表面反应，添加剂与Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２的湿混干燥物活性较纯Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２可提高１～２５倍；飞灰和Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２的水合物可使活性提高达５倍，利用飞灰增强钙基脱硫剂的活性是可能且有效的途径。     

The oxidation damage of type II collagen by oxy free radicals and fulvic acid

The features of oxidative damage to type II collagen from pig cartilage, induced by · OH, O2- and fulvic acid from epidemic district of KBD, were studied in vitro. The results from amino acid analysis of the damaged collagen are characterized by a decrease in hydroxyproline and proline contents, and an increase in glutamic acid content. The change arc dependent on·OH and FA concentration. It is postulated that the FA or other toxic xenobiotics induce the generation of free radicals, which play the role of the trigger in KBD development.