高活性自由基在烟气脱硫脱硝中的应用

从高活性自由基强氧化性的新视角,分析了几种基于不同自由基反应的燃煤电厂烟气脱硫、脱硝工艺,详细介绍了它们的反应机理、研究现状、应用以及最新进展,并分析了这些技术的优缺点,最后对其发展前景作了展望。     

Heterogeneous reactions of suspended parathion, malathion, and fenthion particles with NO(3) radicals

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) emit into the atmosphere in both gas and particulate phases via spray drift from treatments and post-application emission, but most of their degradations in the atmosphere are not well known. In this study, the heterogeneous reactions of nitrate (NO₃) radicals with three typical OPPs (parathion, malathion, and fenthion) absorbed on azelaic acid particles are investigated using an online vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS). The reaction products observed with the VUV-ATOFMS are identified on the basis of GC/MS analysis of the products in the reaction between NO₃ radicals and the coating of the pesticide. Paraoxon is identified as the only product of parathion; malaoxon and bis(1,2-bis-ethoxycarbonylethyl)disulfide as the products of malathion; fenoxon, fenoxon sulfoxide, fenthion sulfoxide, fenoxon sulfone, and fenthion sulfone as the products of fenthion. The degradation rates of parathion, malathion, and fenthion under the experimental conditions are 5.5 × 10⁻³, 5.6 × 10⁻², and 3.3 × 10⁻² s⁻¹, respectively. The pathways of the heterogeneous reactions between the three OPPs and NO₃ radicals are proposed. The experimental results reveal the possible transformations of these OPPs through the oxidation of NO₃ radicals in the atmosphere.     

锰铜复合催化剂常温催化氧化NO

采用浸渍法,以γA1₂O₃为载体制备了常温下对NO具有良好催化氧化活性的Mn-Cu复合催化剂。系统考察催化剂组分、焙烧温度等与催化剂性能的关系,结果显示200℃干燥所得催化剂的活性最好,催化剂15%Mn-24%Cu/Al₂O₃在常温下对NO的催化氧化效率达到50%以上。XRD分析表明,催化剂活性组分为Cu（OH）Cl,且随反应时间延长催化性能下降,其物相由Cu（OH）Cl转变为活性较低的Cu₂（OH）₃Cl相。     

Rates of production of hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen from irradiated compost

The use of organic matter from compost to promote the catalytic photodegradation of micropollutants by solar light appears to be environmentally promising. However, quantitative evaluation of the photodegradation potential of the compost is needed. Our goal was to measure the formation rate of hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, two strongly oxidant species, from irradiated compost organic matter. These two reactive species were photogenerated in all of our extracts regardless of the origin of the compost or the extraction procedure; however, their formation rates increased with composting time. Two herbicides and a fungicide were successfully photodegraded when irradiated with simulated or natural solar light in the presence of the compost organic matter or compost suspensions. For reasons of simplification and ease, the use of the latter is recommended in practice.     

Bacteria inactivation by sulfate radical: progress and non-negligible disinfection by-products

● Status of inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms by SO₄^•− is reviewed. ● Mechanism of SO₄^•− disinfection is outlined. ● Possible generation of DBPs during disinfection using SO₄^•− is discussed. ● Possible problems and challenges of using SO₄^•− for disinfection are presented. Sulfate radicals have been increasingly used for the pathogen inactivation due to their strong redox ability and high selectivity for electron-rich species in the last decade. The application of sulfate radicals in water disinfection has become a very promising technology. However, there is currently a lack of reviews of sulfate radicals inactivated pathogenic microorganisms. At the same time, less attention has been paid to disinfection by-products produced by the use of sulfate radicals to inactivate microorganisms. This paper begins with a brief overview of sulfate radicals’ properties. Then, the progress in water disinfection by sulfate radicals is summarized. The mechanism and inactivation kinetics of inactivating microorganisms are briefly described. After that, the disinfection by-products produced by reactions of sulfate radicals with chlorine, bromine, iodide ions and organic halogens in water are also discussed. In response to these possible challenges, this article concludes with some specific solutions and future research directions.     

含铀硼镁铁矿硫酸浸出液除铀的研究

辽宁省翁泉沟含铀硼镁铁矿的硫酸浸出液主要成分是Ｈ３ＢＯ３和ＭｇＳＯ５,并含有少量Ｆｅ＾３＋和ＵＯ＾２＋２。本研究用ＭｇＯ调节溶液的ｐＨ值,进行了含铁与不含铁７种溶液的除铀试验。当溶液不含Ｆｅ＾３＋时,靠ＵＯ＾２＋２自身沉淀后,溶液中Ｕ浓度高于硫酸出液中的Ｕ含量,无法将铀除去。     

UV/NaClO和UV/过碳酸钠工艺降解水杨酸的对比

采用UV/NaClO和UV/过碳酸钠(SPC)工艺降解水中水杨酸(SA),对比考察了氧化剂种类和投加量对SA去除的影响,采用淬灭法和电子顺磁共振波谱仪(EPR)鉴定识别了 2种工艺中的自由基,通过竞争动力学的方法计算了 SA与·OH、CO3·-的二级反应速率常数及反应体系中不同组分的贡献,从环境水样模拟、急性毒性和经济...     

蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化降解水中草酸的研究

实验比较了单独臭氧氧化、蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化剂吸附3种工艺去除水中草酸的降解效果.结果表明,蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化、单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化剂吸附对水中草酸的去除率分别为37 .6%、2 .2%和0 .4%,蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的存在显著提高了臭氧氧化降解水中草酸的去除效果.添加叔丁醇的浓度为5、10和15 mg·L^-1时,催化臭氧化对草酸的去除率分别降低了24 .1%、29 .0%和30 .1%,证明蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化降解水中草酸遵循·OH氧化机理,即非均相的催化剂表面强化了·OH的引发.TOC测试结果显示,蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化工艺可以将草酸彻底矿化,无中间产物生成.反应温度与草酸的去除效果成正相关性,当水体温度为10、20、30和40℃时,蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化降解水中草酸的去除率分别为16 .4%、37 .6%、61 .3%和68 .2%.     

壳聚糖-钇多孔微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能与机理分析

以壳聚糖和Y2(OH)5NO3为原料通过乳液交联法制备了壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)复合微球,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等方法对其表面形貌、结构进行了表征.探讨了溶液的pH值、反应时间、投加量、离子初始浓度对其吸附性能的影响.研究结果表明,壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)复合微球在pH值为3的酸性环境中对Cr(Ⅵ)保持了较高的吸附能力,吸附容量为52.39mg·g-1,其吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型;通过吸附机理的研究,发现壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附是化学吸附静电吸附协同氧化Cr(Ⅵ)离子作用来实现的.     

使用添加剂调质钙基脱硫剂的机理概述

从干法固硫气扩散及气固反应角度回顾了添加剂对钙基脱硫剂调质作用的有关研究情况,指出目前该技术在研究以及工业应用中存在的一些关键问题,并讨论该技术的发展趋势。