O3/UV降解含氮杂环化合物喹啉

本研究采用O3/UV工艺降解喹啉溶液,系统地探讨了喹啉初始浓度、反应后置时间、初始p H、HCO-3浓度等因素对降解过程的影响.通过测定降解过程中的中间产物,分析了喹啉的降解机制及途径.结果表明随着喹啉初始浓度增加,反应表观速率常数和去除率都降低;p H(7~9)碱性条件时降解效果最好;HCO-3的存在明显降低了喹啉的去除率,加入100 mg·L-1HCO-3喹啉去除率降低了42.01%;反应后置时间对喹啉的去除率及矿化率基本没有影响.喹啉的降解中间产物主要为8-羟基喹啉、5-羟基喹啉、2(1H)-喹啉酮、2-吡啶甲醛等,喹啉在O3/UV体系中的降解途径主要由羟基自由基(·OH)、O3氧化剂发生的加成反应、取代反应、亲电反应等.     

郑州市多站点大气VOCs变化特征及源解析

于2020年7月至2021年6月,在郑州市3个城市站点和1个郊区站点开展逐月大气VOCs离线样品采样及实验室分析,探讨郑州市大气VOCs体积分数水平、组成特征、反应活性和来源贡献.结果表明,观测期间,郑州市大气φ(VOCs)为(37.50±14.30)×10^-9,组分占比为：烷烃(33%)>OVOCs(24%)>卤代烃(23%)>芳香烃(8%)>烯烃(7%)>炔烃(4%)>硫化物(1%).季节变化表现为：冬季>秋季>夏季>春季,VOCs月均值在1月出现最高值,5月出现最低值,空间变化则表现为：郑州大学>市监测站>经开区管委>岗李水库.采样周期·OH消耗速率(L_·OH)均值为4.24 s^-1,臭氧生成潜势(OFP)均值为172.27μg·m^-3,各站点和各季节L_·OH和OFP贡献率前10位物种均以烯烃、 OVOCs和芳香烃为主.正交矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)结果显示,VOCs主要来源为机动车排放(28%)、溶...     

氰化钠溶液的电子束辐照降解

研究了利用电子束辐照降解氰化钠水溶液的效果.分别考察了CN-初始浓度、溶解氧浓度、辐照剂量率对 CN-降解效果的影响.采用总有机碳(TOC)分析仪、离子色谱仪(IC)、紫外分光光度计等分析了 CN-在不同实验条件下的辐照降解产物.实验结果表明,电子束能有效降解水溶液中的 CN-,较低的 CN-初始浓度,较高的辐照剂量,较高的溶解氧浓度以及较低的辐照剂量率能够提高CN-降解效率.CN-辐照后转化为 NH3、NO3-、NO2-、碳酸盐和有机物.     

Experimental study on oxidative decomposition of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation

The ozonation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution was carried out in a semi-batch reactor to investigate the degradation efficiency, the effect factors, and the reaction mechanism, where honeycomb ceramic was used as a catalyst. The presence of honeycomb ceramic could improve the degradation rate of nitrobenzene by 15.46% compared to the results of ozonation alone. Under the conditions of this experiment, the degradation rate of honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation increased by 12.94% with the increase of the amount of catalyst from 1 to 5 blocks. The degradation rates all increased greatly with the increase of temperature and pH of the solution in the processes of honeycomb ceramiccatalyzed ozonation and ozonation alone. But, when the pH of the solution increased to 9.50, the advantage of the honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation process would be lost. The experimental findings indicated that in the processes of ozonation alone and honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation, nitrobenzene was primarily oxidized by ·OH free radical in aqueous solution. The adsorption of nitrobenzene was too limited to have an important influence on the degradation rate of nitrobenzene. With the same total dosage of applied ozone, the multiple step addition of ozone showed much higher removal efficiency than that obtained by one step in the two processes.     

One-pot hydrothermal fabrication of BiVO4/Fe3O4/rGO composite photocatalyst for the simulated solar light-driven degradation of Rhodamine B

• BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/rGO has excellent photocatalytic activity under solar light radiation. • It can be easily separated and collected from water in an external magnetic field. • BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/0.5% rGO exhibited the highest RhB removal efficiency of over 99%. • Hole (h⁺) and superoxide radical (O₂^•−) dominate RhB photo-decomposition process. • The reusability of this composite was confirmed by five successive recycling runs. Fabrication of easily recyclable photocatalyst with excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater is highly desirable for practical application. In this study, a novel ternary magnetic photocatalyst BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/reduced graphene oxide (BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/rGO) was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal strategy. The BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄ with 0.5 wt% of rGO (BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/0.5% rGO) exhibited superior activity, degrading greater than 99% Rhodamine B (RhB) after 120 min solar light radiation. The surface morphology and chemical composition of BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/rGO were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The free radicals scavenging experiments demonstrated that hole (h⁺) and superoxide radical (O₂^•−) were the dominant species for RhB degradation over BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/rGO under solar light. The reusability of this composite catalyst was also investigated after five successive runs under an external magnetic field. The BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/rGO composite was easily separated, and the recycled catalyst retained high photocatalytic activity. This study demonstrates that catalyst BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/rGO possessed high dye removal efficiency in water treatment with excellent recyclability from water after use. The current study provides a possibility for more practical and sustainable photocatalytic process.     

沈阳市挥发性有机物污染特征及反应活性

2019年对沈阳市大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)开展了为期l a的观测,并对得到的53种物种进行浓度特征以及反应活性的研究.结果表明,观测期间沈阳市VOCs平均浓度为65.33 μg·m-3,烷烃、烯烃和芳香烃质量分数分别为62.44％、16.52％和19.32％.浓度排名前10的物种主要是C3～C5的烷烃、烯烃和部分芳香烃,累计占VOCs总浓度的64.13％.大气中烷烃、烯烃和芳香烃浓度均表现为双峰型的日变化特征,峰值分别出现在06:00～08:00和19:00～20:00,最低点出现在14:00～15:00;月变化上,该地ρ(VOCs)分别在12月和5月达到最高值(136.44μg.m-3)和最低值(35.61 μg·m-3);VOCs表现出明显的季节变化特征,即冬季＞秋季＞夏季＞春季,且烷烃、烯烃和芳香烃均随季节表现出增加趋势.通过特征值甲苯/苯(T/B)研究发现,沈阳春季VOCs主要来源于交通源和采暖源,夏季主要来源机动车尾气以及溶剂挥发,秋冬季主要受生物质燃烧和煤燃烧等排放源的影响.通过对反应活性分析,燃烧源是沈阳市控制臭氧污染的关键,丙烯、乙烯和1-己烯是沈阳市大气VOCs中反应活性最高的物种.     

Formation mechanisms of nitrous acid (HONO) during the haze and non-haze periods in Beijing, China

As an important precursor of hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrous acid (HONO) plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. Here, an observation of HONO and relevant air pollutants in an urban site of Beijing from 14 to 28 April, 2017 was performed. Two distinct peaks of HONO concentrations occurred during the observation. In contrast, the concentration of particulate matter in the first period (period Ⅰ) was significantly higher than that in the second period (period Ⅱ). Comparing to HONO sources in the two periods, we found that the direct vehicle emission was an essential source of the ambient HONO during both periods at night, especially in period Ⅱ. The heterogeneous reaction of NO₂ was the dominant source in period Ⅰ, while the homogeneous reaction of NO with OH was more critical source at night in period Ⅱ. In the daytime, the heterogeneous reaction of NO₂ was a significant source and was confirmed by the good correlation coefficients (R²) between the unknown sources (P_unknown) with NO₂, PM_2.5, NO₂ × PM_2.5 in period Ⅰ. Moreover, when solar radiation and OH radicals were considered to explore unknown sources in the daytime, the enhanced correlation of P_unknown with photolysis rate of NO₂ and OH ($J_{{\mathrm{NO}}_2}$ × OH) were 0.93 in period Ⅰ, 0.95 in period Ⅱ. These excellent correlation coefficients suggested that the unknown sources released HONO highly related to the solar radiation and the variation of OH radicals.