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91.
In this article,the effects of TiO_2 surface fluorination and sulfation,on the active oxygen species formed at the reduction site in the photocatalytic process,namely O_2~(?) and H_2O_2,were investigated from a new perspective.The superoxide radical,(O_2~(?)),was determined by colorimetry of nitroblue tetrazolium,a prominent O_2~(?) scavenger.Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) was estimated by using the iodide-starch method.In the naked TiO_2 photocatalysis,O_2~(?) though less reactive,was a very important intermediate.When the TiO_2 surface was fluorinated,more O_2~(?) and H_2O_2 were produced,which indicated that the surface modification could greatly reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,thus enhancing the photocatalytic rate.In the sulfated system,photocatalysis proceeded with a more complicated mechanism.These results added support to the view of fluoride-induced enhancement and sulfide's nonappreciable inhibition effect. 相似文献
92.
在自制的大气反应烟雾箱模拟实验装置中,利用相对速率法研究了3种工业常用溶剂四氢呋喃、1,3-二氧五环、1,4-二氧六环与NO3自由基在298 K±1 K和1.01×105 Pa条件下的反应,目的是通过了解这些挥发性有机化合物(volatile organiccompounds,VOCs)在大气中的降解反应动力学来评估这些化合物对环境可能造成的影响.利用配有氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)的气相色谱(GC)检测反应物浓度变化,测得NO3自由基与四氢呋喃的反应速率常数为(5.36±1.93)×10-15cm3·(molecule·s)-1,与文献报道值在误差范围内非常吻合,验证了实验装置和实验方法的可靠性.实验首次测定了298 K±1K和1.01×105 Pa条件下1,3-二氧五环以及1,4-二氧六环与NO3自由基反应的速率常数,分别为(1.84±0.70)×10-15cm3·(molecule·s)-1和(3.20±0.67)×10-16 cm3.(molecule·s)-1.利用所测反应速率常数估算这些化合物在大气中的平均寿命都在1 d甚至十几d,因此,其排放可能会对区域大气环境产生一定的影响. 相似文献
93.
湖南某地采铀试验工程废水处理工艺设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过分析湖南境内某铀矿原地爆破浸出、地表堆浸采铀试验工程工艺流程以及该工程产生的废水源强及性质,介绍了BaCl2-Ca(OH)2中和沉淀法对该股废水处理的可行性及达到的效果。 相似文献
94.
95.
机动车尾气排放VOCs源成分谱及其大气反应活性 总被引:16,自引:11,他引:5
选取轻型汽油车、重型柴油车和摩托车等城市典型机动车种分别采用底盘测功机及实际道路实验,结合SUMMA罐采样的方法,获得了小轿车、出租车、公交车、卡车、摩托车和LPG助动车的尾气VOCs样品,利用气相色谱-质谱分析了各车型机动车尾气VOCs的浓度及其物种组成.结果表明,轻型汽油车尾气VOCs以甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烃为主,占43.38%~44.45%;重型柴油车以丙烷、n-十二烷及n-十一烷等烷烃组分为主,占46.86%~48.57%,还有13.28%~15.01%的丙酮等含氧特征组分;摩托车与LPG助动车的主要成分为乙炔,分别占39.75%和76.67%左右.各车型中,摩托车和轻型汽油车尾气VOCs的化学活性显著高于重型柴油车辆,以上海市为例,其大气化学活性贡献分别占55%和44%左右,是影响城市和区域大气氧化能力的关键污染源,其中以甲苯、二甲苯、丙烯、苯乙烯等关键活性物种的贡献最大. 相似文献
96.
Jiawei JU Ruiping LIU Zan HE Huijuan LIU Xiwang ZHANG Jiuhui QU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(3):467-476
Although Al-based coagulation and adsorption processes have been proved highly efficient for fluoride (F) removal, the two processes both generate large amount of Al(OH)3 solid waste containing F (Al(OH)3-F). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing Al(OH)3-F generated in Al(OH)3 adsorption (Al(OH)3-Fads) and coagulation (Al(OH)3-Fcoag) for the adsorption of cadmium ion (Cd(II)). The adsorption capacity of Al(OH)3-Fads and Al(OH)3-Fcoag for Cd(II) was similar as that of pristine aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), being of 24.39 and 19.90 mg·g–1, respectively. The adsorption of Cd(II) onto Al(OH)3-Fads and Al(OH)3-Fcoag was identified to be dominated by ion-exchange with sodium ion (Na+) or hydrogen ion (H+), surface microprecitation, and electrostatic attraction. The maximum concentration of the leached fluoride from Al(OH)3-Fads and Al(OH)3-Fcoag is below the Chinese Class-I IndustrialWastewater Discharge Standard for fluoride (<10 mg·L–1). This study demonstrates that the Al(OH)3 solid wastes generated in fluoride removal process could be potentially utilized as a adsorbent for Cd(II) removal. 相似文献
97.
Xiang ZHANG Xiaogang GU Shuguang LU Zhouwei MIAO Minhui XU Xiaori FU Muhammad DANISH Mark L. BRUSSEAU Zhaofu QIU Qian SUI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(3):502-512
Trichloroethene (TCE) degradation by Fe(III)-activated calcium peroxide (CP) in the presence of citric acid (CA) in aqueous solution was investigated. The results demonstrated that the presence of CA enhanced TCE degradation significantly by increasing the concentration of soluble Fe(III) and promoting H2O2 generation. The generation of HO? and O2-? in both the CP/Fe(III) and CP/Fe(III)/CA systems was confirmed with chemical probes. The results of radical scavenging tests showed that TCE degradation was due predominantly to direct oxidation by HO?, while O2-? strengthened the generation of HO? by promoting Fe(III) transformation in the CP/Fe(III)/CA system. Acidic pH conditions were favorable for TCE degradation, and the TCE degradation rate decreased with increasing pH. The presence of Cl-, HCO3-, and humic acid (HA) inhibited TCE degradation to different extents for the CP/Fe(III)/CA system. Analysis of Cl- production suggested that TCE degradation in the CP/Fe(III)/CA system occurred through a dechlorination process. In summary, this study provided detailed information for the application of CA-enhanced Fe(III)-activated calcium peroxide for treating TCE contaminated groundwater. 相似文献
98.
A treatability study was conducted to determine the potential of white rot fungi to remediate soil from a Superfund site that had been contaminated with DDT. A tiered approach was utilized, starting with simple laboratory studies to screen the potential of white rot fungal strains to degrade DDT and culminating with a soil pan study that simulated land farming. Results from early tiers of the study indicated that Phanerochaete sordida had the best potential for remediating the soil. In the soil pan study, the fungus ultimately grew very well after second inoculation. However, the good growth did not translate to higher DDT removal compared to removal in pans that were not inoculated. 14[DDT] fate studies indicated the small amount of removal that did occur for both fungal inoculated and non‐inoculated conditions could be partially attributed to incorporation into humic material. Addition of a surfactant to the soil enhanced the removal of DDT in both inoculated and non‐inoculated soil. Consequently, under simulated land fanning conditions, this strain of fungus was not successful in remediating this soil. 相似文献
99.
Oxidative stress parameters and some antioxidant defense systems in the liver of Carassius auratus exposed to glyphosate and its formulation (Roundup®) have been studied. Fish were exposed to glyphosate and its formulation at concentrations of 0.032, 0.16, 0.8, and 4.0 mg L?1, all calculated on glyphosate basis, for 11 days. Hydroxyl radical generation as determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of its spin-adduct with α-phenyl-t-butyl nitrone increased with the concentration of Roundup®. Superoxide dismutase activities were decreased relative to control by 21%–46% when exposed to glyphosate and 45%–52% when exposed to Roundup®, suggesting that the formulation is more toxic than glyphosate alone. Catalase showed no difference between both groups. 相似文献
100.