红球菌CDT3降解氯氰菊酯的特性及途径

以一株降解氯氰菊酯的红球菌(Rhodococcussp.)CDT3为材料,研究了CDT3降解氯氰菊酯的最适条件(温度、pH值、接种量、培养时间、添加营养物).结果表明,在温度30℃,pH8.0时,CDT3对氯氰菊酯的降解率最高,添加少量葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母汁均能促进它对氯氰菊酯的降解.研究了CDT3降解氯氰菊酯的代谢途径,通过GC-MS分析,证实氯氰菊酯被CDT3降解后的产物是3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-PBA)和二氯菊酸(DCVA),推测氯氰菊酯是由CDT3产生的羧酸酯酶降解的,作为验证,提取了CDT3的粗酶液,并且通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)检测了羧酸酯酶.     

Citrobacter sp.CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应动力学研究

采用脱色菌Citrobacter sp. CK3,以活性红KN-3B染料为处理对象,在厌氧批式反应条件下,系统考察了pH值,温度和染料浓度对脱色反应速度的影响;通过动力学模拟及反应过程中染料的UV-Vis扫描图分析,探讨了脱色反应机理。结果表明:Citrobacter sp. CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应的适宜pH为7～9;脱色反应速度在温度为32℃时达到最大。染料初浓度从57 mg/L逐渐增大到458 mg/L时脱色率逐渐降低。脱色过程中染料的偶氮键发生断裂,脱色反应符合二级反应动力学。     

萘降解质粒pND6的分离和鉴定

从工业废水中分离的假单胞菌 (Pseudomonassp .)ND6菌株 ,能以萘为唯一碳源生长 ,使无机盐培养基(MM)中 2g/L的萘在 48h内降解 98% .该菌株含有一个 115kb的大质粒pND6 .DNA杂交实验表明 ,pND6质粒含有与恶臭假单胞菌 (P .putida)G7菌株的NAH7质粒同源的萘降解基因 .图 3表 1参 14     

不同氮磷比对铜绿微囊藻及附生假单胞菌磷代谢的影响

以铜绿微囊藻及其附生假单胞菌X菌株为研究对象,研究了不同氮磷比对铜绿微囊藻和假单胞菌之间磷代谢的影响.结果发现,无论有无附生菌存在,铜绿微囊藻在氮磷比为16：1时,生长情况最好,此时微囊藻能迅速有效地吸收水中的磷,而且附生菌的存在能促进藻的生长.而在氮磷比为4：1时,藻的生长情况最差,在实验后期,藻细胞死亡分解后把一些含磷化合物释放到了水中,附生菌的存在能够加速藻细胞的衰亡和藻体内磷的释放.     

香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病防治药剂的筛选

杀菌剂对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的毒力测定筛选结果表明，绿亨一号 多菌灵、五氯硝基苯 多菌灵、多菌灵 普克、敌克松 普克等混配药剂对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的抑制效果最佳，持效期长，可作为防治香蕉枯萎病的土壤消毒剂使用。     

Relationship between chromium(VI) resistance and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentration by some cyanobacterial isolates

BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: Chromium(VI) resistance and its association with extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) concentration in cyanobacteria was investigated. Increased EPS concentration was associated with Cr(VI) resistance. The most resistant isolate, Chroococcus sp. H(4), secreted the most EPS (427 mg/L). MATERIALS AND METHODS: EPS concentration of the two most resistant isolates (Chroococcus sp. H(4) and Synechocystis sp. S(63)) was investigated following exposure to 15 and 35 ppm Cr(VI). The composition of EPS produced by Chroococcus sp. H(4) following exposure to 10 ppm Cr(VI) was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Control EPS was composed of glucose (99%) and galactronic acid (1%); in the presence of 10 ppm Cr(VI), EPS composition changed to glucose (9%), xylose (75%), rhamnose (14%), and galacturonic acid (2%). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results indicated that (1) exposure to elevated concentrations of Cr(VI) affected the composition of EPS produced by Chroococcus sp. H(4), and (2) there was a correlation between Cr(VI) resistance and EPS concentration in some cyanobacteria.     

褐煤降解真菌—青霉菌P6的胞外酶研究

具有强降解褐煤能力的青霉菌株P6在液体培养条件下,可产生较强的过氧化物酶(包括木素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶)活性,并具有酯酶活性,不产生内葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶.粗酶液依次经80%饱和度的硫酸铵盐析、DEAE-纤维素离子交换树脂层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤,得到一个具有藜芦醇氧化活性的的木素过氧化物酶洗脱峰,藜芦醇氧化活性达5760U/L,比活力达7.52U/mg,纯化倍数150.4倍.     

Performance evaluation of isoproturon-degrading indigenous bacterial isolates in soil microcosm

Isoproturon (IPU)-degrading soil bacteria were isolated from herbicide-applied wheat fields. These isolates were identified using cultural, morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing methods. 16S rRNA sequences of both the bacterial isolates were compared with NCBI GenBank data base and identified as Bacillus pumilus and Pseudoxanthomonas sp. A soil microcosm study was carried out for 40 days in six different treatments. Experimental results revealed maximum 95.98% IPU degradation in treatment 6 where bacterial consortia were augmented in natural soil, followed by 91.53% in treatment 5 enriched with organic manure as an additional carbon source. However, only 14.03% IPU was degraded in treatment 1 (control) after 40 days. In treatments (2–4), 75.59%, 70.92% and 77.32% IPU degradation was recorded, respectively. IPU degradation in all the treatments varied significantly over the control. 4-Isopropylaniline was detected as IPU degradation by-product in the medium. The study confirmed that B. pumilus and Pseudoxanthomonas sp. performed effectively in soil microcosms and could be employed profitably for field-scale bioremediation experiments.     

高选择性手性酯酶产生菌的筛选及应用

从土壤中分离得到230株产酯酶菌株，经反复筛选，从中挑选出一株酶活及选择性均较高的菌株YQ231，该菌株所产酯酶能将外消旋的酯水解为手性醇（环戊烯酮），且该酶优先水解（R）-型酯。经生理生化试验鉴定，该细菌为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter sp.）。研究了该菌株的产酶过程，结果表明：酶活在24h达最高值。同时研究了该菌株的催化特性，在反应12h时其转化率达48.8％，eep为92.3％，ees为70.3％。图3表2参9     

铜和镉对珠江天然仔鱼和幼鱼的毒性效应及其潜在生态风险

以静水实验法探讨珠江流域主要金属污染物铜和镉对当地天然仔鱼和幼鱼的急性毒性效应。结果显示,铜对西江赤眼鳟和鲴仔鱼(48 h)和广东鲂幼鱼(96 h)的LC50分别为0.066、0.055和0.10 mg·L-1,对应的安全浓度分别为0.006、0.010和0.010 mg·L-1;镉对赤眼鳟和鲴仔鱼(48 h)以及广东鲂幼鱼(96 h)的LC50分别为1.29、0.83和3.20 mg·L-1,对应的安全浓度分别为0.163、0.077和0.320 mg·L-1。其中,铜对上述受试鱼的安全浓度低于或接近我国《渔业水质标准》及《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅱ类水对铜的规定,而镉对这些受试鱼的安全浓度则高于相关标准对镉的规定。研究结果表明,珠江流域铜污染可能会对当地天然仔鱼、幼鱼群体的补充构成一定程度的威胁,但镉污染暂不会对该区域主要鱼类早期群体补充带来严重的生态风险。