多效唑的生物降解性研究

利用从多效唑生产废水排放口土壤中富集获得的混合微生物和纯培养菌研究多效唑的生物降解性。结果表明，微生物生物量与多效唑相对浓度之间呈高度负相关（ｒ＝－０９３）。混合微生物降解多效唑较纯培养菌株快，降解的最适温度为３０℃，最适ｐＨ值为７０，对高ｐＨ值有耐受性。好氧和厌氧条件下微生物均能降解多效唑。富集培养物中的主要构成菌为假单孢菌属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ）。降解动力学反应遵循Ｍｏｎｏｄ关系式。     

Mineralization of p-nitrophenol by a new isolate Arthrobacter sp. Y1

Arthrobacter sp. Y1, capable of metabolizing p-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source was isolated from activated sludge. The bacterium could tolerate concentrations of PNP up to 600 mg L^{? 1}, and degradation of PNP was achieved within 120 h of incubation. PNP and its metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The metabolite formed indicated that the organism followed the 4-nitrocathechol (4-NC) pathway for metabolism of this compound. The relevant degrading-enzyme was extracellular. Addition of other carbon source (glucose 0～ 30 g L^{? 1}) led to accelerated degradation. If the glucose concentration exceeded 30 g L^{? 1}, however, degradation was repressed. Spectrophotometry assay of the nitrite and genotoxic study showed that strain Y1 could detoxify PNP. Therefore, the present study may provide a basis for the development of the bioremediation strategies to remedy the pollutants in the environment.     

红球菌BAP-1对荧蒽的跨膜运输过程

利用同位素示踪法对红球菌BAP-1跨膜运输¹⁴C-荧蒽的过程进行了研究.结果表明在有ATP抑制剂NaN₃的存在下,红球菌BAP-1细胞膜内所结合的¹⁴C-荧蒽含量几乎无变化.结合对微生物体内包涵体的观察,说明当有ATP抑制剂存在的情况下,荧蒽无法通过细胞膜进入到微生物的体内.这表明若是荧蒽无法通过跨膜运输进入到红球菌细胞内,就不能得到有效的生物降解.在不同的底物浓度条件下,微生物对¹⁴C-荧蒽的跨膜运输过程是主动运输过程;在一定底物浓度条件下,菌体膜结合污染物的量会在一定的条件下达到饱和.结合米氏方程分析了红球菌BAP-1对¹⁴C-荧蒽的跨膜运输动力学过程,结果表明底物¹⁴C-荧蒽与微生物之间一直保持较高的亲和力,较高的亲和体系有助于跨膜运输过程的顺利进行.     

Decolorization and bio degradation metabolism of azo dyes by Pseudomonas S-42

A bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge and has been identified as Pseudomonas sp. S-42 capable of decolorizing azo dyes such as Diamira Brilliant Orange RR (DBO-RR), Direct Brown M (DBM), Eriochrome Brown R (EBR) and so on. The growing cells, intact cells, cell-free extract and purified enzyme of strain S-42 could decolorize azo dyes under similar conditions at the optimum pH 7.0 and temperature of 37℃. The efficiencies of decolorization for DBO-RR, DBM, EBR with intact cells stood more than 90%. When the cell concentration was 15mg (wet)/ml and the reaction time was 5 hours, the decolorizing activities of intact cells for above three azo dyes were 1.75, 2.4, 0.95 μg dye/mg cell, respectively. Cell-free extract and purified enzyme belonged to azoreductase with molecular weight about 34000±2000 and Vmax and Km values for DBO-RR of 13μmol/mg protein/nun and 54μmol, respectively. The results from the detection of the biodegradation products of DBO-RR by spectrophotometric and NaNO2 reac     

假单胞菌摄磷和释磷条件的研究

考察了碳，硫等物质对废水生物脱磷优势菌假单胞菌代谢的影响。结果表明，缺磷环境导致假单胞菌产生过量摄磷现象，假单胞菌无论是经过无碳厌氧，无碳好氧还是无硫厌氧，无硫好氧培养后，转接到富磷培养基内好氧培养时，都产生过量摄磷现象，随着在富磷培养基内的好氧培养时间延长，细胞的摄磷量下降。     

镰刀菌12号固定化细胞降解氰的研究

在镰刀菌12号的培养基中添加氰化物作诱导剂,可显著地提高酶活力,经海藻酸钙固定后相对活性为89.66%。 比较了自然细胞与固定化细胞的某些性质,两种细胞反应的最适温度分别为25—30℃和35—45℃。反应最适pH值为8.0—9.0。固定化细胞较自然细胞热稳定性明显增加。 固定化细胞柱连续处理浓度为500ppm和1000ppmCN-,流速分别为30ml/h和15ml/h,当进水CN-500ppm,连续运转90h,出水CN-<10ppm。     

Responses of Metaphycussp. nr. flavus to semiochemicals released from a scale host, Coccus hesperidum

Summary. Metaphycus sp. nr. flavus (Encyrtidae: Hymenoptera) is a parasitoid species collected from the Mediterranean region which lays its eggs in the immature stages of several economically important soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae), including brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum L. (= host insect). Preliminary tests suggested that the parasitoid is most successful in producing offspring when it oviposits in the younger stages of brown soft scale. In Y-olfactometer bioassays measuring wasp choices and residence times, naïve parasitoids were significantly more attracted to yucca leaves infested with 26, 27, or 28 d-old scale than to uninfested leaves, whereas leaves with older (29-30 d-old) scale were no more attractive than uninfested leaves. Parasitoids also spent significantly more time in the arm with yucca leaves infested with 26 d-old scale than in the arm with uninfested leaves. These results are consistent with observations of the parasitoids reproductive success on scale of different ages, whereby older scale are more likely to encapsulate the developing eggs of M. sp. nr. flavusfemales than are younger scale. Further bioassays determined that yucca leaves that had been infested with 26 d-old scale but from which the scale had been removed were as attractive as infested leaves. In contrast, infested yucca leaves from which scale had been removed and the leaves subsequently washed with distilled water were less attractive than infested leaves. Furthermore, the wash water containing scale residues was attractive to female wasps. In total, these results suggest that Metaphycussp. nr. flavus females utilize volatile, water soluble compounds produced by brown soft scale as cues to locate suitable hosts.     

十种有机磷农药对扁藻的毒性

报告了十种有机磷农药对扁藻生长的半数抑制浓度ＥＣ５０值，依其毒性大小分：辛硫磷为剧毒；甲基异柳磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷为高毒；敌敌畏、氯化乐果、甲胺磷（江苏）、果保灵、甲胺磷（山东）为中等毒性；久效磷、杀灭毙为低毒，并初步探讨了有机磷农药结构和对微藻毒性大小的关系。     

Effect of Cd on GSH and GSH-related enzymes of Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L existing in Antarctic ice

Glutathione(GSH) and GSH-related enzymes play a great role in protecting organisms from oxidative damage. The GSH level and GSH-related enzymes activities were investigated as well as the growth yield and malonyldialdehyde(MDA) content in the Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L exposure to the different cadmium concentration in this paper. The results showed that the higher concentration Cd inhibited the growth of ICE-L significantly and Cd would induce formation of MDA. At the same time, it is clear that GSH level, glutathione peroxidases(GPx) activity and glutathione S-transferases(GST), activity were higher in ICE-L exposed to Cd than the control. But GR activity dropped notably when ICE-L were cultured in the medium containing Cd. Increase of GSH level, GPx and GST activities acclimate to oxidative stress induced by Cd and protect Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L from toxicity caused by Cd exposure. These parameters may be used to assess the biological impact of Cd in the Antarctic pole region environment.