对氨基苯磺酸降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

对大连某城市污水处理厂活性污泥进行长期驯化,筛选得到好氧条件下以对氨基苯磺酸（4-aminobenzenesulphonate,4-ABS）为唯一碳源和能源生长的高效降解菌株W1.根据菌株W1的形态特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为Pannonibacter菌属.通过考察生长条件对降解效果的影响,确定了该菌株降解4-ABS的优化条件为：接种量10%、　30℃、　pH 7、摇床转速150 r/min,并且在有外加碳源的情况下仍保持较高的4-ABS降解活性.在4-ABS的降解过程中,4-ABS自身含有的氨基和磺酸基会以NH⁺₄和SO^2-₄的形式释放到水体中,但浓度仅为理论释放量的77.6%和91.5%,推测原因是部分释放的NH⁺₄和SO^2-₄被菌株W1作为氮源和硫源利用;菌株W1可以耐受2 500 mg/L的4-ABS,且在32 h内实现90%的降解率;4-ABS降解率为94.7%时,可以实现84.4%的TOC去除率,且没有检测到其它芳香化合物生成,表明菌株W1可以实现4-ABS的彻底矿化.     

1株嗜酸硫杆菌的分离鉴定及其对污染底泥中重金属的去除效果

采用常规细菌分离方法,从河流底泥中筛选到1株细菌FD97,通过序批式摇瓶培养考察了不同温度下(22~40℃)该菌株对污染底泥中Zn、Cu和Cr的去除效果.结果表明,形态学和16S rDNA序列同源性分析鉴定菌株FD97为嗜酸硫杆菌属(Acidithiobacillussp.).在22~40℃条件下,以Acidithiobacillussp.FD97为主要菌株的生物沥浸作用可有效去除污染底泥中Zn、Cu和Cr.沥浸处理16 d,Zn、Cu和Cr的去除率可分别达70%、90%和25%.从底泥pH值变化、SO42-产生以及重金属去除率角度衡量不同温度的底泥沥浸处理效果依次为:34℃28℃≈40℃22℃.控温28℃较适宜今后的实际应用.底泥重金属生物沥浸去除率的大小与底泥pH值变化密切相关,与温度无直接关系.当底泥pH值降至5.0、3.5和2.5时,底泥中Zn、Cu和Cr分别开始溶出,pH值降为2.0,重金属去除率达最大.     

Alcaligenes sp. XJ-T-1利用废弃油脂生产破乳剂研究

生物破乳剂是一种应用于油水乳状液分离的新型破乳剂.本研究对筛选得到的1株高效破乳剂产生菌XJ-T-1（鉴定结果为Alcaligenes sp.）代谢产生的生物破乳剂进行了理化性质、破乳能力和废弃油脂利用能力分析.采用废弃油脂Ⅱ为碳源,可提高生物破乳剂产量4.6倍,XJ-T-1在以液体石蜡和废弃油脂培养8　d后该菌能使水的表面张力从72 mN/m下降到32 mN/m, CMC-1分别为10、 20;以液体石蜡为碳源培养得到的生物破乳剂在油包水型、水包油型模型乳状液的破乳率分别达到了96%、 50%;而以废弃油脂Ⅱ为碳源培养得到的生物破乳剂的破乳率分别为97.8%、 65％;采用煤油脱出率、乳状液脱除率和水脱出率3种评价方式对破乳效果评价发现生物破乳剂最先作用于乳状液的连续相;采用TLC和IR对废弃油脂生产破乳剂得到的破乳剂有效成分进行鉴定,结果为脂肽与石蜡培养产物相同.     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.     

矿化垃圾中氧化甲烷兼性营养菌的筛选与生物特性研究

从填埋了10 a的矿化垃圾中分离得到1株能以甲烷为碳源和能源生长的菌株DH,经NCBI比对发现,该菌株的16S rDNA序列与微杆菌(Microbacterium sp.)3个菌株的同源性在99%以上.目前该菌株已经在中国典型培养物保藏中心申请了专利保藏,保藏号为M2010099.微杆菌DH具有极强的温度耐受性,最佳培养pH为6.5,以甲烷为碳源可实现高密度生长,菌液D560 nm值可达到1.1～1.2.微杆菌DH对甘露糖、果糖和葡萄糖3种单糖以及蔗糖和乳糖2种双糖的利用效果较好.当以蔗糖和甘露糖为碳源时,菌液D560 nm值分别达到了0.758和0.742.与对照组相比,喷洒DH菌液可以提高矿化垃圾的甲烷氧化率1倍以上.微杆菌DH的发现克服了专一营养甲烷氧化菌难于扩大培养、活性低等工程应用问题,为该类细菌在实际工程应用提供了生物学基础.     

污水的青海弧菌Q67生物毒性检测及影响因素分析

应用淡水发光细菌--青海弧菌Q67对氧化沟处理工艺各处理单元进出水的生物急性毒性进行检测,对污水急性毒性检测的影响因素进行了分析.结果表明,水样取回后立即进行发光细菌毒性实验,水样均显示为刺激发光效应,污水毒性被掩盖;将水样放置1 d后进行毒性实验,部分水样显现出抑制发光效应;将污水用0.45μm微滤膜过滤可以使水样的...     

Application of waste frying oils in the biosynthesis of biodemulsifier by a demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1

Exploration of biodemulsifiers has become a new research aspect. Using waste frying oils (WFOs) as carbon source to synthesize biodemulsifiers has a potential prospect to decrease production cost and to improve the application of biodemulsifiers in the oilfield. In this study, a demulsifying strain, Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1, was investigated to synthesize a biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as carbon source. It was found that the increase of initial pH of culture medium could increase the biodemulsifier yield but decrease the demulsification ratio compared to that using paraffin as carbon source. In addition, a biodemulsifier produced by waste frying oils and paraffin as mixed carbon source had a lower demulsification capability compared with that produced by paraffin or waste frying oil as sole carbon source. Fed-batch fermentation of biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as supplementary carbon source was found to be a suitable method. Mechanism of waste frying oils utilization was studied by using tripalmitin, olein and tristearin as sole carbon sources to synthesize biodemulsifier. The results showed saturated long-chain fatty acid was difficult for S-XJ-1 to utilize but could effectively enhance the demulsification ability of the produced biodemulsifier. Moreover, FT-IR result showed that the demulsification capability of biodemulsifiers was associated with the content of C=O group and nitrogen element.     

Synergistic removal of aniline by carbon nanotubes and the enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6

Synergistic removal of aniline by carbon nanotubes and the enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6, a newly isolated bacterial strain for biodegrading aniline, was investigated. It showed that biodegradation rate of aniline was increased with the augment of protein concentration in cell-free extract of Delftia sp. XYJ6. The adsorption amount of aniline by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was slightly higher than that by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), however the adsorption amount of protein of Delftia sp. XYJ6 by MWCNTs was lower than that by SWCNTs. Much more amount of aniline could be removed by CE of Delftia sp. XYJ6 in the presence of SWCNTs than MWCNTs, which indicated that an efficient reaction between aniline and enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6 on the surface of SWCNTs played a key role in the rapid enzymatic biodegradation of aniline. This study is not previously reported and may be useful in basic research and the removal of aniline from wastewater.     

Role of nutrients in the utilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by halotolerant bacterial strain

A halotolerant bacterial strain VA1 isolated from marine environment was studied for its ability to utilize polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under saline condition. Anthracene and pyrene were used as representatives for the utilization of PAH by the bacterial strain. Glucose and sodium citrate were used as additional carbon sources to enhance the PAH utilization. The strain VA1 was able to utilize anthracene (73%) and pyrene (66%) without any additional substrate. In the presence of additional carbon sources (glucose/sodium citrate) the utilization of PAH was faster. PAH was utilized faster by VA1 in the presence of glucose than sodium citrate. The stain utilized 87% and 83% of anthracene and pyrene with glucose as carbon source and with sodium citrate the strain utilized 81% and 76% respectively in 4 days. Urea as an alternative source of nitrogen also enhanced the utilization of PAHs (anthracene and pyrene) by the bacterial strain up to 88% and 84% in 4 days. Sodium nitrate as nitrogen source was not able to enhance the PAH utilization rate. Phenotypic and phlyogenetic analysis proved that the PAHs utilizing halotolerant strain VA1 belongs to Ochrobactrum sp.     

丙酯草醚降解菌CY的分离、鉴定及其降解特性

采用富集培养的方法,从施用过丙酯草醚除草剂的油菜田中分离筛选出5株以丙酯草醚（ZJ0273）为唯一生长碳源和能源的菌株,选其中降解率高的菌株CY进行研究.根据其生理生化和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,鉴定其为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillussp.）.根据对CY的初步研究和简单优化,菌株CY在30 d内对50mg.L^...