浙江红壤和黄壤的电荷特性

本文对浙江省红壤和黄壤的电荷特性作了初步研究。结果表明，黄壤的可变负电荷量、正电荷量、有效阳离子交换量（ＥＣＥＣ）和可变电荷零点（ＰＨ０）都高于红壤。红壤和黄壤可变负电荷量占负电荷总量的半数以上。土壤的电荷特性与活性铁铝氧化物密切相关。     

大型气候实验室高低温模拟系统关键技术研究

目的突破关键技术,获得适用于大型气候实验室的高低温环境模拟系统方案。方法通过分析大型气候实验室载冷/载热系统和空气处理系统的工作原理和工作模式,指出高低温环境模拟系统在可能遇到的极端温度下存在的安全风险,从低温试验工况推断出换热器结霜的必然性。根据载冷剂物性设计规避系统安全风险和融霜的技术方案。结果在AS-6系统和CH2CL2系统的二次循环中设计了充注/排空功能,规避了载冷/载热系统的安全风险。设计了内外融霜结合的融霜方案,进行换热器融霜。结论试验和工程应用证明,通过增加载冷剂充注/排空方案和换热器融霜方案完善的大型气候实验室的高低温环境模拟系统方案合理可行,采用的关键技术可以指导类似系统设计。     

Experimental study on the space charge properties in haze events

In recent years, haze has posed a serious threat to the global climate change, ecological balance and human health. In this study, the laboratory experiments and field observations were performed and a possible charging mechanism was proposed to investigate the space charge properties in haze events. The laboratory experiments showed that the charge polarity of primary aerosol is determined by species of combustion fuels while the magnitude is dependent on the combustion completeness. The field observations revealed that the space charge of atmosphere aerosol in haze events differs from that of fair weather and is closely related to PM_2.5 concentration when Relative Humidity (RH)?<?60%, with 1 to 2 orders of magnitude less than the case when RH?≥?60%. The analysis of equivalent charge-to-mass ratio (ECTM) suggested that in haze events the space charge is governed by primary aerosol emitted by combustion of fossil fuel in a low relative humidity, whereas it is manipulated by the secondary chemical reaction of atmosphere aerosol in a high relative humidity. And we can identify the main pollutants in haze events according to the polarity of atmosphere aerosol and quickly take measures when RH?<?60%. Accordingly, the dust-haze of RH?<?80% can be divided into dry-dust-haze when RH?<?60% and wet-dust-haze when 60%?≤?RH?<?80%. Our study firstly elucidated the space charge properties of atmosphere aerosol in haze events and can provide a new perspective for the prevention and control of air pollution.     

炮孔轴向不同间隔方式的爆破地震效应研究

不同装药结构爆破的地震效应存在较大差异,对于间隔装药结构而言,当采用的间隔介质相同时,采用什么样的间隔方式的降震效果更好呢?对此,就底部间隔、中部间隔还是顶部间隔装药方式的地震效应进行了比较研究.综合比较地震振动幅值、频率和振动持续时间等主要因素,3种间隔方式中,孔底间隔装药结构的爆破地震效应最小,其次为孔上部间隔,再次为孔中部间隔.     

生产经营单位主要负责人对本单位安全生产应负法律责任的研究

生产经营单位主要负责人对本单位的安全生产具有至关重要的作用，本文对生产经营单位主要负责人承担法律责任的几种违法行为进行了分析，并研究了生产经营单位主要负责人对本单位安全生产应负的法律责任。     

生活垃圾处理收费问题浅析

垃圾对环境有外部不经济性,收费是对这种不经济性的一种有效的控制方法。产业化是垃圾处理的最终出路,收费是实现产业化的重要条件。欧美日等发达国家的生活垃圾收费制度已渐趋成熟,而我国的垃圾收费制度还没有走上正规。文中分析了3种主要收费方式的特点及在发达国家中的运用,并就中国当前的收费制度不完善的特点提出建议。     

钢筋混凝土对大炸高聚能射流的防护研究

对金属射流的侵彻防护进行研究是研究侵彻问题的重要组成部分。在弹药的销毁工作中,需要在可控炸高下对射流进行防护。通过分析大炸高情况下聚能射流运动和侵彻的特点,对钢筋混凝土防护墙如何有效地防护聚能射流侵彻进行了分析并提出了相应对策。     

Electrostatic ignition of sensitive flammable mixtures: Is charge generation due to bubble bursting in aqueous solutions a credible hazard?

Experiments have been conducted to gain insight into the credibility of sparging aqueous solutions as an electrostatic ignition hazard for sensitive hydrogen/air or fuel/oxygen mixtures (Minimum Ignition Energies of ∼0.017 mJ and ∼0.002 mJ, respectively, compared to ∼0.25 mJ for hydrocarbon/air mixtures). Tests performed in a 0.5 m³ ullage produced electric field strengths between 125 and 560 V m⁻¹ for air flows of 5–60 l min⁻¹, respectively, comprised of 2–4 mm diameter bubbles. Field strength can be related to the space charge and fitting to an exponential accumulation curve enabled the charge generation rate from the air flows to be estimated. This was observed to be directly proportional to the air flow and its magnitude was consistent with literature data for bubble bursts. The charge accumulation observed at laboratory scale would not be a cause for concern. On the basis of a simple model, the charge accumulation in a 27 m³ ullage was predicted for a range of air flows. It is apparent from such calculations that ignition of hydrocarbon/air mixtures would not be expected. However, it would seem possible that field strengths might be sufficient to cause a risk of incendive spark or corona discharges in moderately sized vessels with sensitive flammable mixtures.     

不同矿井煤样变形破裂过程中的电荷感应实验研究

采用单轴压缩煤电荷感应信号测试系统,研究了不同矿井煤在不同加载速度下变形破裂过程中的电荷感应规律。研究结果表明,煤样在加载初期即有电荷感应信号,随着应力水平的增加,不断有电荷感应信号产生,且信号幅值不断增加,在应力峰值前后电荷感应信号最强,信号也最为丰富,煤样主破裂发生后仍有明显的电荷信号,但信号幅值较小;在煤样应力发生突变时有较强的电荷感应信号产生;抗压强度越高、冲击倾向性越强的煤样,电荷感应信号也越强,信号越丰富,持续时间越长;加载速度越大,所产生的电荷感应信号越强。电荷感应信号与煤的变形破裂和煤样类型有一定关系,可以用电荷感应信号反映煤的破坏程度。     

复杂地质条件下光面爆破间断不耦合装药结构的试验研究

以现场试验研究为基础,提出了利用间断不耦合装药结构,改善含软夹层岩体光爆效果的技术措施,并给出了在含夹层石灰岩和页岩中,其夹层厚度与最佳间断距离之间的关系曲线。采用该项技术不仅能保证施工安全,而且能保证边坡无浮石危险,对于确保边坡长久安全有着非常重要的意义