医院收费危机成因及管理机制的探讨

通过分析医院收费危机的成因,应用危机管理的一般理论与方法,对医院收费出现的危机进行分析评估,调动有关资源,果断做出评判,迅速采取措施,最大限度地减少医院损失和影响．同时建立医院收费危机管理机制,使医院收费规范化、合理化,从而从危机中受益．图1,参5．     

含水煤体失稳破坏电荷感应规律试验研究

为研究含水煤体失稳破坏过程中电荷感应规律,探寻应用电荷感应法监测煤矿突水灾害可行性,利用自主研制的电荷传感器对含水煤体单轴压缩过程进行电荷信号监测,分析煤体压缩过程中应力及电荷信号变化规律。试验结果表明:烘干煤体和含水煤体单轴加载过程中均有自由电荷产生,电荷信号呈脉冲状波动,通过分析含水煤体电荷信号变化规律同时统计煤体峰值强度前电荷脉冲数及脉冲宽度,从水通过削弱煤体强度进而影响电荷信号;Stern双电层中形成流动电荷,增强了煤体电荷信号;水的存在增加了煤体破裂面自由电荷存留时间三个方面总结了水对煤体电荷的影响机理。     

基于污水处理厂运营成本的污水处理费制度分析

通过选取全国东、中、西部227个污水处理厂为样本,估算这些样本的运营成本及其结构,分析其地区差异与执行标准的关系.结果显示样本平均运营成本为1.38元/t,并且通过与污水处理厂所在地的污水处理费征收标准比较,判断当前我国大部分地区征收的污水处理费只覆盖污水处理厂的运行成本,并未覆盖我国城镇污水处理厂的全部运营成本.运用成本收益分析研究污水处理厂运行状况,结果显示227个样本的平均单位污水处理费收入为0.80元/t,平均治理污水的单位收益为3.24元/t,平均单位盈利水平为2.09元/t,政策补贴成为污水处理厂主要收入.进一步探索污水处理费制度的不足,并以此提出我国污水处理费征收标准应基于科学的排放标准下的污水处理厂的运营成本而制定,坚持污染者付费原则和因地制宜原则.     

大气污染物总量收费方法研究

在分析排污收费的经济学基础上,通过引入“责任系数”和“责任份额”的概念,将污染源的排污行为与环境质量直接联系起来,认为对污染源排污费的征收应以该源对环境所造成的危害程度为测算依据,笔者提出了一种与大气污染物总量控制相配套的总量收费方案,以期与有关人士商榷。      

220kV拟建输变电工程环境影响评价分析

随着电网规模的不断扩大,220 k V电压等级的输变电网络将越来越多地介入人们的日常生活,如何对民众关心的220 k V输变电工程进行客观的环境影响评价分析成为越来越重要的实际问题。以某拟建220 k V输变电工程环境影响评价为例,介绍了评价因子尤其是电磁环境的现状监测、类比监测及模式预测综合分析,深入分析了该拟建输变电工程环境影响评价全过程,对输变电工程环境影响评价工作具有一定的指导意义。     

Effects of bulking agent addition on odorous compounds emissions during composting of OFMSW

The effects of rice straw addition level on odorous compounds emissions in a pilot-scale organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) composting plant were investigated. The cumulative odorous compounds emissions occurred in a descending order of 40.22, 28.71 and 27.83 mg/dry kg of OFMSW for piles with rice straw addition level at ratio of 1:10, 2:10 and 3:10 (mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW on a wet basis), respectively. The mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW had a statistically significant effect on the reduction of malodorous sulfur compounds emissions, which had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of VFAs, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatics and ammonia emissions during composting, respectively. The cumulative emissions of malodorous sulfur compounds from piles with the increasing rice straw addition level were 1.17, 1.08 and 0.88 mg/dry kg of OFMSW, respectively. The optimal mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW was 1:5. Using this addition level, the cumulative malodorous sulfur compounds emissions based on the organic matter degradation were the lowest during composting of OFMSW.     

纳米二氧化钛可见光催化的研究进展

TiO2纳米材料是目前研究最为广泛的光催化纳米材料之一。但TiO2通常只在紫外光下具有光催化活性,严重影响了它的实际应用范围。光敏化作用以及配合物-金属电子转移等途径可将TiO2的光响应范围拓展到可见光区域,成为TiO2光催化领域的研究热点。综述了近年来光敏化作用和配合物-金属电子转移等方法在TiO2可见光催化领域的研究进展,旨在为今后进一步扩大TiO2的实际应用提出新的研究方向。     

Comparision of China’s volatile organic compound pollution management: a computable general equilibrium approach

The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound (VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China, arousing increasing attention to emissions control. In this context, this paper analyses the effectiveness of VOC reduction policies, namely pollution charges and environmental taxes at the national and industrial sector levels. It uses a computable general equilibrium model, which connects macroeconomic variables with VOC emissions inventory, to simulate the effects of policy scenarios (with 2007 as the reference year). This paper shows that VOC emissions are reduced by 2.2% when a pollution charge equal to the average cost of engineering reduction methods – the traditional approach to regulation in China – is applied. In order to achieve a similar reduction, an 8.9% indirect tax would have to be imposed. It concludes that an environmental tax should be the preferred method of VOC regulation due to its smaller footprint on the macroeconomy. Other policies, such as subsidies, should be used as supplements.     

原式电除尘器的特性及优势

介绍了原式电收尘器的特点，提出原式电收尘器较板式电收尘器不仅有很强的适应性，收尘效率高，而且适用场合广泛，制造工艺简单，运行成本低，有一定的推广使用价值。     

微电解-水解酸化-SBBR处理电荷调节剂废水

针对电荷调节剂生产废水COD高,色度高,可生化性差的特点,采用微电解-水解酸化-SBBR处理工艺进行研究。实验结果表明:在微电解铁碳比为1∶1.5,反应停留时间1 h,水解酸化水力停留时间为9 h,SBBR曝气量为0.25 L/min,曝气时间8 h,静沉1.5 h,该工艺最终出水各项水质指标能够达到进入市政污水管网的要求。