基于LabVIEW的自动配料控制系统设计

针对传统工业生产过程配料系统精度差、效率低、维修量大、人机界面不友好、成本高等问题,将总线控制技术、分时复用技术和精确称重技术相结合,设计了一套基于Labview的自动混配料控制系统。给出了系统的通讯设计,软件设计及硬件设计。现场应用结果证明,该系统能够自动、快捷、友好、精确可靠的完成配料生产。     

SCR脱硝系统烟道内流场优化

为了改善选择性催化还原法(SCR)催化剂上游烟气的流场、温度场和浓度场分布,基于CFD仿真分析技术,建立了整个脱硝系统三维模型,并通过优化导流板及整流格栅,使得速度标准偏差、浓度标准偏差、温度偏差、速度偏转角以及压降等性能指标都满足设计要求,在满足脱硝效率和氨逃逸率前提下,大大降低了烟气对催化剂层的冲刷,保证催化剂的使用寿命。最后,为了合理布置吹灰器,对优化结构下粉尘颗粒在烟道内的运动情况进行了仿真分析研究,为设计提供了依据。     

用膨润土处理油田污水的研究进展

介绍了膨润土的基本特性及其存油田污水处理中的研究情况。天然膨润土经改性后,可吸附去除油田污水中的油、烃类衍生物、注聚残留聚合物及表面活性剂;负载金属氧化物的改性膨润土可对光催化氧化产生协同效应,提高光催化氧化油田污水中有机物的能力;在高压下将膨润土制成薄膜,对油田污水中的无机离了有一定的截留去除作用。     

磁场对酪氨酸酶活性及其催化降解酚类有机物影响的研究

研究了恒磁场对酪氨酸酶(TYR)活性及其催化降解酚类有机物的影响.结果显示,不同磁场强度(10～350 mT)处理下TYR酶活性均有提高,最佳磁场强度150mT下酶活力提高了27.1%.不同磁化时间下TYR酶活都有上升,但磁化60min后酶活上升幅度有所下降.酶经磁场处理后对温度、pH值稳定性增强,在温度为20～35 ℃、pH为5.0～10.0时均能保持较高活性,最佳温度为25℃,最佳pH为7.0;磁化后TYR酶的Michaelis常数Km为3.83 mmol·L-1,未磁化的Michaelis常数Km为2.65 mmol·L-1.磁场作用可促进TYR对酚类有机物邻苯二酚、苯酚、2,4-二氯酚的转化,反应速度依次递减,磁化处理对邻苯二酚反应的促进作用尤其明显;磁化处理后的酶对不同浓度苯酚和2,4-二氯酚的去除率均明显高于未磁化处理的酶,且随着酶用量增加,酚去除率提高.荧光发射光谱分析表明,磁化酪氨酸酶的荧光强度增强,构像发生了变化.     

屋顶形状对街道峡谷内污染物扩散的影响

采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,通过求解二维连续性方程,Navier-Stokes方程及污染物输运方程,模拟了具有不同屋顶形状的街道峡谷的流场及交通污染物浓度场.计算结果与风洞试验结果总体趋势一致.由于屋顶形状的不同,峡谷内的流场会形成顺时针或逆时针方向的旋涡,从而影响建筑物迎风面与背风面污染物浓度分布.在各种屋顶形状的街道峡谷中,壁面污染物浓度的相对大小与其附近的速度分布有直接关系.通过对街道峡谷建筑屋顶高度处垂直方向污染物通量的计算和比较,说明了不同屋顶形状的街道峡谷平均流扩散和湍流扩散的强弱,污染物湍流扩散通量值有可能为正或为负;同时,峡谷内剩余污染物浓度的大小表明了屋顶形状对污染物扩散出街道峡谷难易的影响.      

隔油沉淀-预曝调节-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理屠宰加工废水

对屠宰加工过程中产生的中高浓度有机废水采用预曝调节-接触氧化-气浮工艺进行处理。当进水COD浓度为980~1200mg/L时,出水COD浓度可降至76.1~104mg/L,优于国家《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》(GB13457-92)二级标准,此工艺的抗冲击负荷能力较强,适应于间歇性生产和季节性生产的屠宰加工企业。     

影响脱硫塔性能的因素分析与研究

湿法烟气脱硫是成熟且具有较好发展前景的工艺,其中关键是对脱硫塔的选择及通过各项参数的控制达到良好的脱硫效率.通过对脱硫塔酸碱度(PH)、气液比(L/G)、流场特性、结垢等各种性能进行分析研究,对脱硫塔的选择和实际运行具有一定的指导意义.     

河南双河油泥在生物降解过程中饱和烃污染物的组成与分布

分析了河南双河油泥在微生物降解过程中烷烃的组成与分布特征,结果表明,XT-4、F-2、C-2、A-1和AB-1菌的混合菌对饱和烃组分有好的降解效果:当饱和烃含量在60~70g/kg范围时,经过120d的降解,饱和烃降解率达到66.4%,随着降解的进行,正构烷烃分布由单峰形变成了双峰形;萜烷类抗微生物降解能力强,在本实验条件下,其组成与分布没有发生显著变化。微生物对烷烃类化合物易降解顺序为:正构烷烃>类异戊二烯烃>藿烷类,C21以前的正构烷烃>C22以后的正构烷烃,姥鲛烷>植烷,Tm>Ts,藿烷>莫烷。     

Field reconnaissance and estimation of petroleum hydrocarbon and heavy metal contents of soils affected by the Ebocha-8 oil spillage in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Field reconnaissance of the Ebocha-8 oil spill-affected site at Obiobi/Obrikom in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was carried out to assess the extent of damage to the terrestrial ecosystem and delimit the epicenter of oil spillage. Following three successive reconnaissance surveys, the area to be sampled was delimited (200 x 200 m2), and soil samples were collected using the grid method from three replicate quadrats at two depths, surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm). A geographically similar area located 50 m adjacent to the oil-polluted area was used as a reference (control) site. Total hydrocarbon content (THC) and heavy metal concentrations were later determined in the laboratory by extraction and spetrophotemetric techniques. Generally, the THC of soils at surface and subsurface depths of the oil-polluted plots was 2.06 x 10(4) +/- 4.97 x 10(3) mg/kg and 1.67 x 10(3) +/- 3.61 x 10(2) mg/kg soil, respectively, (no overlap in standard errors at 95% confidence limit) while concentrations of heavy metals(Pb, Cd, V, Cu and Ni) were enhanced, especially at the surface. The high levels of THC and heavy metals may predispose the site, which hitherto served as arable agricultural land, to impaired fertility and possible conflagration. When concentrations of heavy metals reach the levels obtained in this study, they may become toxic to plants or possibly bio-accumulate, thus leading to toxic reactions along the food chain. While the spilled-oil may have contributed to the enhanced levels of the metals in the affected soils, physico-chemical properties of the soils, mobility of metals, and the intense rainfall and flooding that preceded the period of study may have also contributed in part to their enhanced concentrations. The presence of high hydrocarbon content may cause oxygen deprivation, which may result in the death of soil fauna by asphyxiation. There is, therefore, an urgent need to clear the affected site of these excess hydrocarbon deposits so as to enhance the rehabilitation process of the affected mat layer of soils. Other appropriate mitigating measures, such as subsequent monitoring of hydrocarbon levels at suitable intervals after the clean up activities, are also recommended, with reference to the findings of this study, for effective management of the affected area.     

街道峡谷内汽车排放污染物浓度分布的观测与数值模拟

在上海某典型街道峡谷内按一定的空间布点,在一定时段内同时对各布点进行采样并做一氧化碳浓度分析,同时记录车辆种类、车流量、气象条件等,分析街道峡谷内污染物浓度的分布.运用风向频率加权(WDFW)方法,结合大气流动和污染物扩散的CFD模型进行数值模拟计算.结果表明,数值模拟结果和现场观测结果较吻合,建筑物低的一侧污染物浓度远高于建筑物高的一侧污染物浓度,两侧的污染物浓度随着高度的增加而降低.