半干半湿法烟气脱硫塔流场分析

利用计算流体力学的方法对半干半湿法烟气脱硫塔内部流场进行研究,通过对塔体内部设备的优化,增加脱硫剂与SO₂接触的几率,提高脱硫塔反应效率.在分析脱硫塔内多相流体的流动的基础上,建立k-ε湍流方程模型,分析了塔体内部对流场以及与脱硫效率的影响,研究结果表明,脱硫塔的内部结构对于流场分布起决定性作用,烟气分布器有助于控制脱硫化学反应,对进一步提高半干半湿法烟气脱硫效率非常重要.      

污灌区农田土壤环境质量评价

分别利用主成分分析法和内梅罗污染指数法对取自鞍山的6种不同类型农田(弃耕地、旱田、菜田、大棚、污灌稻田和清灌稻田)的土壤环境质量进行评价.结果表明,农田种植和灌溉方式的不同会在区域农田土壤污染物含量和土壤环境质量上表现出较明显的差异性.6种类型农田中,弃耕地的土壤环境质量最好,以下依次是菜田、旱田、清灌稻田和大棚,污灌稻田的土壤环境质量最差.利用内梅罗污染指数法和主成分分析法对6种类型农田土壤的评价结果基本一致,除菜田和旱田的排序结果略有不同外,对其他4种类型农田土壤环境质量的评价结果完全一致.主成分分析法可以用于土壤环境质量评价和土壤污染物的定量化识别.      

电动生物修复中电极矩阵的优化设计

对电动生物修复中单对电极间的电场分布进行了模拟,并以此定义了修复的有效作用区.通过旋转叠加的方式,求出了各种电极矩阵构型的有效作用区分布,最后筛选出2种优化的电极构型,并通过小型实验加以验证.理论优化和实验结果表明,“中”字形和六边形分别是不同旋转方式下最优的电极构型.采用这2种电极构型,可节省电极材料费,同时保持系统的稳定性和污染物去除的均匀性,因而具有良好应用前景.     

Criteria for Oil Spill Recovery: A Case Study of the Intertidal Community of Prince William Sound, Alaska, Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

Marine intertidal organisms in Prince William Sound were exposed to crude oil following the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. The intertidal communities were also subjected to mechanical disturbance during invasive oil spill remediation and cleanup efforts. Using monitoring data collected from 1989 to 1997, impacts and eventual recovery were assessed at oiled but uncleaned sites and oiled and cleaned study areas. A statistical model where recovery was defined as parallelism between the time profiles at control and oiled sites was evaluated. Statistical analysis and graphical presentations of the data suggest intertidal epibiota communities recovered from the oil spill by 1992 at the oiled sites and by 1994 at the oiled and remediated sites. Empirical data from the intertidal monitoring program supports the use of tests of parallelism in evaluating recovery and the need to avoid simply the comparison of sample means from control and oiled sites.     

西气东输工程塔里木气田开发建设区生物多样性（植被）及其影响评价

西气东输塔里木气源工程的开发建设行为势必对该地脆弱生态环境下的各类生物尤其是对植被产生较大影响。过去的很多研究表明该地的植被对土地资源的保护功能是极其重要的。因此,评价油气田开发对植被的影响也是开发前期必须的工作。     

1株好氧菌对不同油脂的降解

从某餐馆排污渠污泥分离到10株油脂降解菌,以植物油脂花生油为唯一碳源,通过适应性培养驯化并检测细菌生长的OD值筛选出1株优势菌。在确定其最佳生长环境条件的基础上,分别以花生油、餐厅污水和一种含有油脂的膜为对象污染物,进行了优势菌的降解试验。结果表明,该菌对花生油溶液中油脂和CODcr的去除率在24h以内分别达到98．91％和97．27％;对餐厅污染中油脂和CODcr的降解率在30h内分别达到88．66％和85．42％。另外,该优势菌对油脂膜也有良好降解效果,在固体和液体培养基中30d内油脂膜量分别减少了3．31％和11．29％以上。试验证实了该菌对植物油脂、含油脂污水和固体油脂废弃物有良好的净化效果。     

小型油水分离器的设计及试验

简要介绍了CYF－0．1／CYF－0．05型油水分离器的基本原理、主要参数、设计计算及台架试验情况。     

建立HSE管理体系,提高CNPC整体管理水平

介绍了中国石油天然气集团公司 (CNPC)建立 HSE(健康、安全、环境 )管理体系的基本思路、现状和发展趋势。CNPC基于国际石油工业勘探和开发 (E& P)论坛 HSE指南及中华人民共和国石油和天然气工业行业标准《石油工业健康安全环境管理体系》(SY/ T62 76- 1 997)建立的HSE管理体系 ,有机的融入了 ISO90 0 0、ISO1 4 0 0 0 ,以及 OHS(职业安全卫生 )管理体系的内容 ,经过3年多的实践 ,在健康、安全与环境管理方面取得了显著的绩效     

Residue behavior of etoxazole under field conditions in Egypt and estimation of processing factors during the production of strawberry juice and purée

Abstract

The degradation under field conditions and the residue behavior of etoxazole during juicing and purée making was evaluated. Etoxazole residues were determined by HPLC-UV at six different Pre Harvest Intervals (PHIs) as to estimate the degradation of residue in fruits. Samples with significant residues were processed and residue were determined after juicing and purée making. The effect of washing was also estimated. Processing Factors (PFs) for etoxazole after each step were less than 1 and the PFs of the overall processes were lower than 0.85 for washing fruits, 0.13 for juice and 0.04 for purée. The studied processes could obviously reduce the pesticide residues that are present in the raw strawberries. Uncertainties in the use of the PFs were identified due to the potential formation of metabolites during the processes.     

Ahmedpur Sharqia oil tanker tragedy: Lessons learnt from one of the biggest road accidents in history

The 2017 Ahmedpur Sharqia oil tanker explosion and fire, costing 219 lives, is one of the biggest ever road transportation disasters in history. This paper presents a detailed investigation and analysis of the accident circumstances and the series of events that contributed to the calamity. The investigation follows a holistic approach that examines the whole system including driver management, vehicle design, road design, and police management of the spillage scene.The analysis shows that although the first cause was driver dozing off behind the wheel, it was a complete system failure which created a domino effect. If all safety systems were in place, there would have not been any serious consequences of that first error. The investigation revealed that there were serious lapses in the design and fabrication of the vessel and truck in violation of UN-ADR safety standards and Pakistan's OGRA-RT standards andno proper protocols or SOPs were followed for driver workload and shift management by Shell Pakistan Ltd. and its contractors. Mismanagement of the post crash scenario by local law enforcement agencies was also a major serial failure. The study provides crucial lessons on the domino nature of such disasters.