Pressure cookers or pressure valves: Do roads lead to deforestation in China?

The effect of roads on forests is ambiguous. Many studies conclude that building and upgrading roads increases pressure on forests but some find that new and better roads may reduce the rate of deforestation. In this paper we use satellite remote sensing images of forest cover in Jiangxi Province, China, to test whether the existence and the size of roads (ranging from expressways to tertiary roads) in 1995 affected the level of forest cover in 2000 or the rate of change between 1995 and 2000. To account for road access for each of our 1 km² (“pixel”) units of forest cover we measure whether or not and what type of roads penetrate the “watershed” in which the pixel lies. These watersheds allow more plausible measures of accessibility than do traditional “crowfly” distance measures that ignore topography. To account for possible confounding we also use 12 additional covariates: geographic and climatic variables (e.g., elevation, slope, rainfall, temperature, soil properties); demographic and economic variables (e.g., local population and GDP per square kilometer); and distance variables (e.g., distance to the nearest provincial capital). Although simple univariate OLS regressions show that forest levels are lower and deforestation rates higher either when there is a road, or when there is a higher quality road, these results are not robust. Controlling for all of the covariates and also using recently developed covariate matching techniques to estimate treatment effects, we find that roads in China’s Jiangxi Province can most safely be described as having no impact on the level of forests and no impact on the rate of deforestation.     

突发环境事件应急监测管理体系的研究

从突发环境事件应急监测主要任务、预案管理、管理体制、运行机制和法制建设等方面阐述环境应急监测管理“一案三制”建设中存在的问题和改进建议.     

关于建设高效林业的对策

本文讨论了高效林业的概念、特点及其内容,提出了建设原则与措施。     

反向方法在板料成形工艺设计中的应用研究

利用结合拉延筋计算的反向方法的数值模拟技术，研究了其在板料成形工艺设计中的应用，提出了进行初期工艺设计评估的新方法。同时对后轮毂鼓包内板件毛坯进行工艺设计，与福特公司的MTLFRM软件的对比结果表明设计的工艺是合理的，也表明该方法可以适用于大型覆盖件的工艺设计。     

Understanding the changing role of global public health in biodiversity conservation

Zoonotic disease emergence has become a core concern of biodiversity conservation amid the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Major international conservation groups now comprehensively center larger human–nature imbalances not only as problems of global public health but as a core challenge of the conservation movement, alongside habitat destruction, biodiversity loss and climate change. There is, however, little consideration of how new biosecurity concerns might alter conservation practice with unexpected and potential harmful impacts on human communities, particularly in developing nations with significant human–wildlife interfaces. Reviewing emerging policy positions from key conservation organizations, this article argues that the proposed responses to the COVID-19 pandemic hold the potential to (a) amplify existing people-park conflicts, and (b) generate new tensions by integrating global systems of viral surveillance into biodiversity conservation. I conclude that the close integration of biosecurity concerns into conservation policies requires greater acknowledgment of the unique challenges for human communities.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-021-01576-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

间接触电及其防护

阐述了间接触电形成的过程及其原理。提出了 TT接地方式 ,TN接地方式 ,IT接地方式发生间接触电时的防护措施。     

一带一路背景下西部生态与绿色发展的改革与创新研究

西部地区资源开发、环境导向、经济发展等因素的制约下,西部地区的生态发展以及改革方案受到了严重的冲击,文中提出一带一路背景下西部生态与绿色发展的改革与创新方案.通过一带一路指示精神融合西部地区的特有生态水平,进行了综合分析,并根据实际的发展要求进行深入指导.对一带一路背景下西部生态与绿色发展的改革进行了详细的解读,把西部生态环境与绿色生态发展之间的矛盾进行分析,通过一带一路的思想和方针解决了现有改革中的矛盾.结合一带一路的实质路线对西部生态与绿色发展的创新进行了深入的探讨,基于"一带一路"战略带来各种促进的政策,确定了西部地区生态与绿色发展创新方向.     

大孔径冲孔翻边一次成型的设计

此文主要根据冲压件“前顶梁”冲孔翻边一次成型模设计的实践经验,提出大孔径冲孔翻边一次成型的工艺分析和计算及典型结构的设计,突破了冲孔与翻边同时进行只能在Φ8以下圆孔翻边的局限,并成功地一次试模合格,为类似的圆孔翻边在Φ8以上提供了宝贵的经验。     

经济手段对环境保护的作用

经济手段对环境保护的作用王奇,李庆伦（沈阳市环境保护投资公司沈阳１１０００３）（东北大学表面所）ＩＭＰＲＯＶＩＮＧＴＨＥＴＲＥＡＴＭＥＮＴＥＦＦＣＴＯＦＷＡＳＴＥＷＡＴＥＲＣＯＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＬＥＡＤＡＮＤＡＣＩＤＢＹＳＣＩＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＭＡＮＡＧＥ...     

突发水污染事故风险预测中数学模型的研究

为了预防和控制潜在的水环境风险,准确预测水体中污染物的迁移和扩散情况,采用溢油扩延计算模式、油膜漂移分析计算方法和可溶性危险化学品一维瞬时扩散模型预测突发性污染事故对水体造成的影响。并以江南某航道为例,模拟船舶在船闸碰撞后发生溢油扩散、可溶性危险化学品扩散,进而提出一些风险防范的建议。该预测模型预测水体中污染物的实时浓度,分析污染水团的轨迹变化,有广泛的应用价值。