Influence of physical properties of ammonium nitrate on the detonation behaviour of ANFO

In order to obtain a better understanding of the non-ideal detonation behaviour of ammonium nitrate based explosives, detonation velocities of ANFO (ammonium nitrate and fuel oil) prepared with different kinds of ammonium nitrate (AN) were measured in steel tubes. In this series of test six kinds of AN were used and the influence of the pore diameter, the pore volume and the particle diameter of the AN particle on the detonation velocity of ANFO was investigated.

It was found that the pore diameter and the pore volume had a strong influence on the detonation velocities of ANFO. In the case of ANFO samples which were prepared with AN that had the same pore diameter and the pore volume, when tested the highest detonation velocity (3.85 km/s) was observed when the smallest particle diameter (<0.85 mm) was used. This value corresponded to 75% of the ideal detonation velocity, which was theoretically predicted by the CHEETAH code with the JCZ3-EOS.

The 12 months aging showed the change of the detonation velocities of ANFO and the reaction of ANFO was influenced both by the physical and the chemical properties of AN particles and oil during the storage period.     

制度与市场机制在治理污染中的作用

寻找一种既能促进经济发展又能保护环境的控制环境污染的有效途径具有十分重要的意义。新制度经济理论为环境污染的控制及其政策的制定提供了理论基础。该理论认为,当传统的管制方法不能实现资源最优配置的时候,通过界定产权和进行产权交易的方法是可以得到满意结果的。     

酸浸粉煤灰混凝法处理制革废水的研究

笔者研究了在热电厂粉煤灰中加入少量的鼓风炉铁泥和适量的助溶剂HS,在加热条件下用稀硫酸搅拌浸取2h后,制得集物理吸附和化学混凝为一体的混凝剂。这种混凝剂与聚硅酸铝铁(PSAF)絮凝剂配合处理COD为1500～2000mg/L制革废水,SS,COD,硫化物和铬的去除率分别为95%,93%,92%和88%。该法的显著特点是混凝沉降速度快,污泥体积小,处理废水费用低,此外还探讨了酸浸粉煤灰混凝剂对制革废水的混凝沉降机理。      

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Plastics Molded from Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Modified Soy Protein Isolates

Soybean protein is a potential material for manufacturing of biodegradable plastics. The objective of this investigation was to characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of plastics made from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-modified soy proteins. Soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared from defatted soy flour, modified with various concentrations of SDS, and then molded into plastics. The temperatures of denaturation of the modified soy protein increased at low SDS concentration and then decreased at high SDS concentration. At the same SDS concentration, the plastics molded from the modified soy proteins showed a similar temperature of denaturation, but a lower enthalpy of denaturation compared to the modified soy protein. Young's modulus of the plastics decreased as SDS concentration increased, and the tensile strength and strain at break of the plastics reached a maximum value at 1% SDS modification. Two glass transition temperatures were identified corresponding to the 7S and 11S globulins in SPI by dynamic mechanical analysis, and they decreased as SDS concentration increased. The SDS modification increased the water absorption of the plastics.     

The inertial range “outer scale” and optical turbulence

The crucial parameter used to calculate turbulence effects upon light waves propagating through the atmosphere is known as the structure constant, . As Tatarski has shown, this parameter depends upon the “outer scale” of the inertial sub-range of the turbulence. Recently there have been successful predictions of astronomical “seeing” conditions at Mauna Kea Astronomical Observatory which have increased interest in this subject and in the use of the so-called “Dewan Optical Turbulence Model”. In the case of the Air Force, there has been a longstanding need for such optical turbulence prediction, especially in the stratosphere. In the past researchers have used a relation due to Tatarski, (which plays a prominent role in this model) in order to deduce values of the “outer scale” from measurements. When doing this, they have been surprised to find values very much smaller than expected. The goal of the paper is to explain this unexpected result. As we will show, this result can be explained by two factors: (a) the average turbulent layer thicknesses are smaller than originally believed, and, more importantly, (b) only a minor fraction of the stratosphere is turbulent. In order to arrive at this conclusion, we used the high-resolution (10 m) wind profiles that were originally used to formulate the previously mentioned optical turbulence model. The U.S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

聚氯乙烯基复合隔声材料的研究

将聚氯乙烯与无机超细材料混合,研制了一种新型复合隔声材料,其平均隔声指数为20dB左右.采用四传感器驻波管法对复合材料进行了隔声性能测试,并讨论了无机物含量及粒径分布等因素对隔声性能的影响.     

黄土地层构造差异成因及其对自然环境的影响

陕甘宁地块上广泛分布的黄土地层的破坏是黄河水患的主要原因,黄土地层有一定的抗侵蚀能力,但当被开垦时,其抗侵蚀能力会大幅降低,在陕甘宁黄土地层分布区减少,以至最终基本停止农耕而瞠步代之以林草,确系治黄的根本方略,陕北是黄土高原水土流失最严重的地区,是黄河泥沙最主要的来源地,但区内黄土地层受侵蚀的状况却具有分带性,北东和北西两组基底断裂构造对其有重要影响,并对毛乌素沙漠的位置以及无定河环形构造的活动状况有一定控制作用,这些都是在陕北开展山川秀美工程过程中必须考虑到的因素,由此得到启迪;在开发自然资源,环境保护和减灾工作中,必须首先认识环境的自然属性。     

纳米TiO2的性能与应用研究

纳米二氧化钛(Nano-TiO2)因其具有粒径小、透明、紫外线吸收性能强以及优异的随角异色、光电催化和抗菌等优点而成为国内外科技工作者的研究热点。简要介绍了纳米TiO2的优异性能,详细论述了纳米TiO2在光催化处理污染物、抗菌剂、食品包装、药物添加剂、高级涂料、太阳能电池及防晒剂等方面的应用现状和研究进展,并对纳米TiO2的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

Optical and Chemical Methods of Metal Ash Analysis and Tin Recovery

‘Metal ash’ presents a waste disposal problem in most of the developing countries as the industries employ obsolete technologies. In this paper we describe analysis of tin ash, zinc ash and aluminium ash by means of optical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical methods. The results of tin ash obtained by XRD method matched well with the cassiterite, a naturally occurring mineral of tin. ICP-MS studies reveal the presence of a large number of tracer metals, which may cause pollution by tertiary dispersion and this aspect is discussed. Conversely, the data generated by chemical methods are limited. However, the methods are simple and cost-effective. Then, they can easily be adopted by low-budget industries. Simple and cost-effective process to recover tin from tin ash is described. It is based on heating tin ash with sodium cyanide to about 900°C to separate tin component from the metal ash. The process recovers good quality tin and offers a very high yield. The process can be scaled up to small pilot plant.     

基于热线法的不同水分含量松散煤体热物性实验与模拟研究

为解决松散煤体热物性参数的测试周期长与实验误差大等问题,构建测试装置实验平台,结合交叉热线法和平行热线法,对松散煤体热物性参数进行准确测量与计算,对1～2 mm,0.5～0.6 mm和0.2～0.3 mm 3种不同粒径煤样在不同水分含量下的热物性参数的变化规律进行研究,利用Fluent数值模拟软件对松散煤体温度场进行模...