沉水植物综合利用的研究进展

概述了沉水植物在富营养化水体治理中的重要作用及对其资源化开发利用的必要性;重点论述了近年来国内外利用沉水植物净化富营养化水体的研究现状,并对沉水植物的资源化利用方式进行了探讨;展望了开发和利用沉水植物资源的前景和意义。     

生物质材料在重金属废水处理中的应用

可再生、低成本、有效且易从环境获取的生物质材料越来越多地用于去除废水中的重金属离子。本文着重介绍三大类生物质材料：Ⅰ、动物类（主要是甲壳素和壳聚糖衍生物）;Ⅱ、植物类（包括木质素、活性炭、竹炭、富含单宁的物质、农林废弃物等）;Ⅲ、微生物类（各种茵类等）,及其改性产物在处理有毒重金属废水方面的应用研究进展。     

关于植物化学生态信息的开发与利用

植物的化学信息，早已被人们所关注和利用，目前，该研究已成为生态学和化学生态学中最活跃，最能为社会与生产服务的领域之一，生态系统中的物质流和能量流是资源，而生态学的信息则是更具开发，利用前景的资源。     

合成氨副产CO2气的回收与利用

CO2是《京都议定书》要求减排的6种温室气体之一,《京都议定书》还确立了有助于发展中国家获得资金和先进技术的清洁发展机制（CDM）。本文结合实际工程案例,介绍了合成氨副产CO2气的回收和利用方法,为我国氮肥行业申请CDM项目资助,回收利用CO2,减少CO2排放提供技术参考。     

碱渣的综合治理与利用

碱渣的污染问题一直制约着纯碱企业的发展,是氨碱厂的一大技术难题。碱渣本身的物理化学特性使其能够应用于建筑、化工、农渔业、环保等方面。本文对近年来国内外碱渣的治理与利用技术进行了总结和评速。     

工业型煤复合粘结剂的研制

根据高聚物相似互溶、扩散渗透原理,采用苎麻黑液、造纸黑液、酒糟废水、淀粉黄浆废水等10种高浓度有机废水(液)作为原料,研制成用于工业型煤的复合粘结剂,使高浓度有机废水(液)得到经济、合理的资源利用。这种粘结剂中含有多种天然高分子物质,可交联成三维空间网状结构,使工业型煤具有较高的机械强度和防潮抗水性能,并同时解决了燃煤和高浓度有机废水(液)的环境污染问题。     

医院污水处理的消毒剂及消毒工艺

综合比较目前国内常用的医院污水消毒处理方法，介绍消毒剂的种类和有效氯含量，论述各种消毒工艺的优缺点。     

The impact of prenatal diagnosis on the occurrence of chromosome abnormalities

From the public health point of view, several formal attempts have been made to measure the impact of prenatal diagnosis (PND) on the incidence of Down's Syndrome (DS), but the results have varied widely. The impact of PND (reduction in the birth rate of chromosomally abnormal neonates) is related to utilization rates but quantitative estimates of this have not been established. In a three-year (1981–1983) total population study from Queensland, Australia, we present results to measure the impact of a voluntary PND programme on the birth incidence of DS, and also other chromosomally abnormal births. Utilization rates for the PND service were 15·5 per cent in that population of mothers 35 years and over. Numbers and rates of all cases of chromosomal abnormalities are presented, subclassified by type of diagnosis–-either by PND or by clinical diagnosis after birth. For the total population, 7·3 per cent of cases of DS were detected prenatally, and 15·4 per cent of all chromosome abnormalities. (A method for measuring the impact of PND is described.) Using this in conjunction with our demographic data, we estimate that with a 15 per cent utilization rate of PND by older mothers, 14 per cent of DS births can be prevented in this age group, or a 5 per cent overall reduction can be achieved if mothers of all ages are considered. One index–-the ratio of the percentage of DS births which are preventable compared with the population utilization rates of PND–-has potential for widespread use. Queensland data for this ratio is 0·34, a figure consistent with that from other studies. Thus a 3·5 per cent drop in the overall DS birth rate may be expected for each 10 per cent increase in the utilization rates of PND for mothers of 35 years and over. A diagram is presented which may serve as a model for improved data collection and better impact estimates in the future.     

居住小区雨水资源的利用与治理措施

徐州是严重缺水城市,水资源的匮乏催生了节水措施的开展。结合徐州市某居住小区环境影响报告书中的节水措施,分析其利用雨水资源的可行性和相应的治理措施。     

Application of cleaner production technology in chemical industry: a near zero emission

The main objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate opportunities for implementation of pollution prevention and waste minimization in a chemical industrial company producing poly sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde which is used as a super plasticizer for concrete. Environmental problems encountered were mainly the highly polluted wastewater and a semi-solid cake containing considerable amount of the final product. Possible modules for remedial measures and their cost estimation were investigated. The proposed remedial modules included recycling of retained water discharge in filter press, recycling of washing water of reaction vessels (reactors), closed circuit cooling system for high-pressure pump, good housekeeping through control of leakage of raw material, products and water and finally utilization of retained residual product from the solid waste. The implemented pollution control measures proved to be cost effective and have short payback periods. Also, minimization of the hydraulic and organic loads in the final effluent was achieved.