Seasonal dependency of controlling factors on the phytoplankton production in Taihu Lake, China

In this study, 44 profiles of gross primary productivity(GPP) and sunlight, along with water temperature, Chlorophyll-a(Chla) and nutrients, were observed in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake, China, in the spring, summer, and fall seasons. Effects of water temperature, light,and nutrient concentration were examined in relation to the GPP-unit-Chla(GPP of algae per Chla). The results showed that the optimum temperature for the GPP of phytoplankton was 27.9°C, the optimal PNA-unit-Chla(photon number absorbed by phytoplankton per Chla) was 0.25(mol), and the HSCN-unit-Chla and HSCP-unit-Chla(half-saturation constants of nitrogen and phosphorus of algae per Chla) were 0.005(mg/L) and 0.0004(mg/L), respectively. The seasonal dependency of the effect of different factors on the GPP was analyzed. Compared with temperature and nutrients, light was found to be the most important factor affecting the GPP during the three seasons. The effect of temperature and nutrients on the GPP of phytoplankton has obvious seasonal change. In spring, temperature was the secondary factor affecting the GPP of phytoplankton, and the effect of nutrients may be negligible in the eutrophic lake on account of temperature limit, which showed that the GPP of algae was only affected by the physical process. In summer and fall, temperature didn't affect the GPP of algae, and the presence of nutrients was the secondary factor affecting the GPP of phytoplankton. From summer to fall, effect of phosphorus was weakened and effect of nitrogen was enhanced.     

湿地保护与可持续利用的国际经验借鉴

随着生产力水平的提高以及城市化进程的加剧,我国湿地资源被大力开发利用,逐渐面临面积减少、功能衰退和湿地生态系统受损的困境.本文通过借鉴世界发达国家或地区保护和可持续利用不同类型湿地的成功经验,为国内湿地的保护和利用提出建议:制定湿地保护规划,划分湿地功能区;保护湿地生物资源;实施湿地生态恢复与重建工程;探索可持续利用湿地资源的新思路;适当开发利用泥炭资源;加强湿地资源保护与利用的科学研究;强化湿地知识的宣传、教育与公众参与意识.     

海南省城镇污泥处理处置对策建议

为了便于海南省实现污泥的有效处置,研究组对海南省全部污水处理厂相关运营数据进行了系统分析,基于前期资料分析、实地调查及典型污水处理厂污泥采样分析结果,本研究明确了污水收集管网覆盖面低、雨污不分流等海南省城镇污水处理厂运营现状,同时提出污泥产量低、污泥处理后部分指标不达标、现有处置方式单一、不尽合理等污泥处理处置现状及存在问题。最后,提出了加快城镇污水收集管网建设、强化污泥处理工作及加强投资与管理等建议。     

规范档案管理，提高环评单位档案管理水平

随着公众环保意识的提高,建设项目环境影响评价的重要性越来越被更多的人所关注,环评档案管理工作显得越来越重要,环评档案作为环境保护档案的一部分,目前在管理和利用中存在很多问题。因此,必须掌握环评档案的立卷内容、管理及利用等方面的相关要求,认真分析环评档案管理和利用中存在的问题并找出解决这些问题的办法,才能提高环评档案的利用价值,提高环评效率和质量,使环评档案更好地为环境评价和环境管理服务。     

含硫气田采气污泥无害化处理技术研究

含硫气田在天然气开采、管道批处理、气田污水处理过程中,由于高压气流携带井底岩屑、单质硫析出、工艺添加的化学药剂反应产生沉淀物等因素,会产生一些成分复杂、有恶臭气味的固态物质,统称为采气污泥,影响生产安全和工艺参数调配,需要及时清理并无害化处置。结合固废减量化、无害化、资源化的处置原则,立足于企业自行处置的目的,本文就含硫气田采气污泥特性以及无害化处理的方法进行研究,对处理效果进行了分析,对废物综合利用进行了有益的尝试,为今后含硫气田污泥处理提供了一条可借鉴的思路。     

The impact of prenatal diagnosis on the occurrence of chromosome abnormalities

From the public health point of view, several formal attempts have been made to measure the impact of prenatal diagnosis (PND) on the incidence of Down's Syndrome (DS), but the results have varied widely. The impact of PND (reduction in the birth rate of chromosomally abnormal neonates) is related to utilization rates but quantitative estimates of this have not been established. In a three-year (1981–1983) total population study from Queensland, Australia, we present results to measure the impact of a voluntary PND programme on the birth incidence of DS, and also other chromosomally abnormal births. Utilization rates for the PND service were 15·5 per cent in that population of mothers 35 years and over. Numbers and rates of all cases of chromosomal abnormalities are presented, subclassified by type of diagnosis–-either by PND or by clinical diagnosis after birth. For the total population, 7·3 per cent of cases of DS were detected prenatally, and 15·4 per cent of all chromosome abnormalities. (A method for measuring the impact of PND is described.) Using this in conjunction with our demographic data, we estimate that with a 15 per cent utilization rate of PND by older mothers, 14 per cent of DS births can be prevented in this age group, or a 5 per cent overall reduction can be achieved if mothers of all ages are considered. One index–-the ratio of the percentage of DS births which are preventable compared with the population utilization rates of PND–-has potential for widespread use. Queensland data for this ratio is 0·34, a figure consistent with that from other studies. Thus a 3·5 per cent drop in the overall DS birth rate may be expected for each 10 per cent increase in the utilization rates of PND for mothers of 35 years and over. A diagram is presented which may serve as a model for improved data collection and better impact estimates in the future.     

广州市生活垃圾处理方式及物流管理方案优化

以广州市为例，运用多目标动态规划模型，以层次分析法（ＡＨＰ）进行综合效益的评估取值，经计算得出各个时期生活垃圾焚烧、制肥、资源化回收和填埋的比例与数量的优化方案，预测了各个规划期中设施的需求量，在此基础上运用最小费用规划模型，选取运输费用与处理费用为因子，同时把经济收入作为负费用从中扣除，计算出城市生活垃圾处理系统的最低费用，市属八区到各处理设施的垃圾流量的优化方案，为管理部门的决策提供了科学依据     

Azadirachtin induced changes in feeding,dietary utilization and midgut carboxylesterase activity of the final instar larvae of spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

Final (sixth) instar larvae of Spodoptera litura were fed in increasing amounts of azadirachtin and the effects on feeding activity, dietary utilization and mid‐gut carboxylesterase activity were determined. The antifeedant activity of azadirachtin did not increase in a dose‐dependent manner as reflected by the decline in antifeedant effect at higher doses of 30 and 50 ppm. Dietary concentrations of azadirachtin although significantly lowered the efficiencies of conversion of both ingested (ECI) and digested (ECD) food, it failed to lower the approximate digestibility (AD). The latter however, increased significantly with increasing concentrations of azadirachtin. Feeding of higher doses (30 and 50 ppm) resulted in significant increase in midgut carboxylesterase activity. Thus insensitivity to antifeedant effects and induction of midgut carboxyesterase activity in the older larvae of S.litura In response to high doses of azadirachtin observed in this study can have adverse consequences unless particular attention is paid in developing application strategies for azadirachtin based biopesticides for use in pest control protocols.     

居住小区雨水资源的利用与治理措施

徐州是严重缺水城市,水资源的匮乏催生了节水措施的开展。结合徐州市某居住小区环境影响报告书中的节水措施,分析其利用雨水资源的可行性和相应的治理措施。     

二氧化碳的回收和利用

炼油厂的制氢尾气中含有大量二氧化碳，将其分离回收并加以利用具有一定的社会效益和经济效益。