Hydrothermal fabrication and visible-light-driven photocatalytic properties of bismuth vanadate with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures for Methyl Orange degradation

Monoclinic BiVO₄ with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures were fabricated using the hydrothermal strategy. The materials were characterized by means of the XRD, Raman, TGA/DSC, SEM, XPS, and UV-Vis techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the BiVO₄ materials were evaluated for the degradation of Methyl Orange under visible-light irradiation. It is observed that pH value and surfactant exerted a great effect on the morphology and pore structure of the BiVO₄ product. Spherical BiVO₄ with porous structures, flower-cluster-like BiVO₄, and flower-bundle-like BiVO₄ were generated hydrothermally at 100℃ with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and urea (pH = 2) and at 160℃ with NaHCO₃ (pH = 7 and 8), respectively. The PVP-derived BiVO₄ showed much higher surface areas (5.0-8.4 m²/g) and narrower bandgap energies (2.45-2.49 eV). The best photocatalytic performance of the spherical BiVO₄ material with a surface area of 8.4 m²/g was associated with its higher surface area, narrower bandgap energy, higher surface oxygen vacancy density, and unique porous architecture.     

川藏公路G317线路基水毁危险度分段研究

G317线是我国西藏地区最主要的干线公路之一，是内地与西藏地区经贸流通的重要通道。但是西藏地区环境恶劣，公路路基水毁灾害非常频繁，常常影响公路通行。本文从G317线公路路基水毁的实地调查资料出发，综合分析影响路基水毁发育的因素，对其水毁危险性进行分段研究。经过研究将G317线分为极度危险段、高度危险段、中度危险段、低度危险段、微度危险段和暂无危险段6个路基水毁危险度级别，并对每个危险度级别进行评述.     

污泥活性炭的制备及其对酸性红G的吸附行为

以城市污水处理厂的脱水污泥为原料,用ZnCl2活化法制备污泥活性炭,并研究其对水中酸性红G的吸附、脱附行为。选取活化剂浓度、固液比、活化温度及活化时间等因素,通过正交实验确定了最佳工艺,即ZnCl2浓度30%,固液比1:2,碳化温度500℃,碳化时间1.5 h。吸附实验结果表明,该污泥活性炭对水中酸性红G的吸附量随着温度升高而增加,在15、25和35℃条件下的最大吸附量分别为153.6、165.6和180.4 mg/g,且吸附等温线能较好用Langmuir方程进行模拟。酸性红G在污泥活性炭上的吸附动力学符合准二级反应动力学模型。污泥活性炭对酸性红G的吸附量随着溶液pH的增大而减小,污泥活性炭的最佳投加量为0.26 g/L。吸附饱和的污泥活性炭可通过碱处理和热处理方法进行脱附,脱附后的吸附剂对酸性红G仍具有很强吸附性能。     

ASM2G在污水处理中的研究与应用

针对用静态模型常规设计在设计效果与模拟分析上的不足,作者在研究动态机理模型ASM2d的基础上开发了污水处理仿真程序ASM2G,以分析污水生物处理,并进行模拟分析与辅助设计.本文首先介绍了此自编程序的机理模型ASM2d;其次说明了ASM2G的模拟过程;最后,通过对实际污水处理厂的模拟比较,说明了ASM2G在模拟分析上的优势,同时也反映了ASM2d能够较好地反映污水处理的运行状况,是一个较成熟的动态机理模型.文章试图为找到一种经济有效的设计方法提供一定的参考.     

江西信丰脐橙农业地球化学特征探讨

脐橙已成为信丰县的支柱产业。通过对信丰县脐橙种植区成土母岩特征、农业地球化学特征、脐橙品种特性等方面的综合分析，得出结论：地质背景以花岗岩母岩区最佳，次为红层母岩区；脐橙品质和产量以纽贺尔最佳，朋娜次之；为满足脐橙生长的需要，要注意加施K肥、P肥及含有ca元素的肥料，土壤中K、ca、P、Mg、Fe、cu、zn等营养元素其有效态必须获得补充。     

化工园区企业危险量计算模型研究

提出化工园区的危险量并探讨其含义。选择基础危险量计算模型及安全评估指标,建立化工园区企业基础危险量计算模型。通过对影响化工园区企业安全的因素进行筛选,建立企业危险量影响因素体系。在此基础上,运用改进G1法和模糊综合评价法确定各因素的权重和隶属度,对化工园区企业基础危险量模型进行改进,提出化工园区企业危险量和园区总体危险量的计算模型。实现了化工园区危险程度的量化,进而辅助化工园区的安全管理和安全规划。     

基于G_1法的飞行疲劳综合评价指标体系研究

为综合控制并评价飞行疲劳风险,通过对疲劳影响因素的深入分析,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定疲劳风险评价指标,依据G1法编制专家调查问卷,采用专家独立调查方法对指标进行判断,根据G1法确定各指标权重,建立飞行疲劳综合评价指标体系,实现对疲劳风险的量化综合评价。结果表明:运用G1法能有效地综合利用影响疲劳的各种信息评价飞行员的疲劳状况,该指标体系与现有控制飞行疲劳风险的影响因素吻合较好,可以作为进一步实现疲劳风险量化的基础。     

环境应急网络视频监控系统设计

文章分析了当前我国环境应急监测的现状,阐述了在环境应急监测中加强信息技术应用的重要性和必要性,介绍了视频监控技术的发展演变过程以及网络视频监控技术在环境应急监测中的优势,提出了基于3G网络视频监控技术的环境应急监测系统,主要由前端视频采集、3G传输网络、指挥中心、监控客户端等四部分组成,可以将事故现场的视频监控信号快速发送至各级指挥中心,提高应急处置效率。     

Colloid facilitated transport of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) to the groundwater at Ma Da Area, Vietnam

PCDD/Fs are hydrophobic organic substances and strongly sorbing to soil particles. Once adsorbed to soil particles they are believed to be virtually immobile. However, research in the last decades confirmed that strong sorbing contaminants may reach the groundwater via colloid-facilitated transport. This pathway has not been investigated before in Vietnam. Ma Da area, 100 km north of Ho Chi Minh City, was repeatedly sprayed during the Vietnam War (1962–1971) with herbicides like Agent Orange containing, beside others, the teratogenic contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). 11 surface soil samples and 12 water samples were collected in Ma Da area for analysis of PCDD/Fs in solids. Soil TCDD concentrations ranged from 1–41 ppt with a mean of 8.8 ppt and a mean I-TEQ of 9.7 ppt. Two surface water samples showed colloid bound TCDD (7 and 19 ppt). Groundwater samples showed elevated colloid bound PCDD concentrations (mean 770 ng/kg), mainly octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Groundwater colloids separated by filtration did not show any TCDD. The results support that TCDD/Fs can be relocated from the top soil to the groundwater by colloidal pathway. They did not provide evidence that the dioxins bound to groundwater colloids are leftovers from the Second Indochinese War. However, this study reinforces that the colloidal transport pathway has to be included investigating the relocation of strong sorbing organic contaminants.     

固定化改性累托石微球对水中染料橙黄Ⅱ的吸附

旨在为提高累托石对染料的吸附效率,便于其在工业中的应用,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)对天然累托石进行改性,并利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠等材料固定改性累托石粉末,制备了微球状吸附剂。考察了固定化改性累托石微球对水中橙黄Ⅱ的吸附性能以及吸附热力学和动力学规律。结果表明,等温吸附规律可用Freundlich和Langmuir模式较好地模拟。吸附活化焓ΔH0呈正值,且吸附体系的ΔH0<-TΔS0,整个吸附过程活化熵的影响大于活化焓,适当升温有利于加速吸附反应的进行。吸附动力学规律符合准一级、二级吸附速率模型、Bangham模式和Elovich模型。膜扩散过程是吸附过程的控制步骤。