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101.
102.
酞酸酯对人与环境的危害 总被引:32,自引:1,他引:32
酞酸酯是一种增塑剂,随着时间的推移,可由塑料中转移到外环境,现已成为地球上最为广泛存在的环境污染物。该文较系统地介绍了酞酸酯的理化性质,毒性和致癌作用,以及其对环境的影响,环境行为,动物的吸收,分布、代谢和排泄等等,最后还对酞酸酯的有关毒性评价作了部分介绍。 相似文献
103.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):387-395
This study examined the effectiveness for degradation of hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) during UV/H2O2, UV/TiO2 and UV/K2S2O8 (UV/PS) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The changing characteristics of NOM were evaluated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP), organic halogen adsorbable on activated carbon formation potential (AOXFP) and parallel factor analysis of excitation–emission matrices (PARAFAC-EEMs). In the three UV-based AOPs, HPI fraction with low molecular weight and aromaticity was more likely to degradate than HPO and TPI, and the removal efficiency of SUVA for HPO was much higher than TPI and HPI fraction. In terms of the specific THMFP of HPO, TPI and HPI, a reduction was achieved in the UV/H2O2 process, and the higest removal rate even reached to 83%. UV/TiO2 and UV/PS processes can only decrease the specific THMFP of HPI. The specific AOXFP of HPO, TPI and HPI fractions were all able to be degraded by the three UV-based AOPs, and HPO content is more susceptible to decompose than TPI and HPI content. UV/H2O2 was found to be the most effective treatment for the removal of THMFP and AOXFP under given conditions. C1 (microbial or marine derived humic-like substances), C2 (terrestrially derived humic-like substances) and C3 (tryptophan-like proteins) fluorescent components of HPO fraction were fairly labile across the UV-based AOPs treatment. C3 of each fraction of NOM was the most resistant to degrade upon the UV-based AOPs. Results from this study may provide the prediction about the consequence of UV-based AOPs for the degradation of different fractions of NOM with varied characteristics. 相似文献
104.
强氧化自由基杀灭压载水微生物的模拟试验研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在强电离电场作用下,H2O、O2分子发生电离、分解电离和电荷交换反应,在分子层次上加工成高浓度羟基溶液。试验是在每小时处理2t压载水的试验系统进行的。把羟基溶液加入压载水输送管道内,仅距加入点4m长度地方取样检测,当压载水的羟基比值浓度达到0 63mg/L时,原生动物、单胞藻、细菌浓度分别从4 4×104/mL、6 0×104/mL、1 9×105/mL均减少到低于检测方法的最低限;剩余羟基药剂分解成H2O、O2等。从试验数据表明,羟基溶液是治理压载水有效、廉价、无残留物的创新方法。 相似文献
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利用生物指示物(鳙鱼)对丹东地区鸭绿江水体中的铅、镉污染进行监测,采具鳙鱼-碳化酸溶-电热原子光谱法对丹东鸭绿江流域鳙鱼体内的铅、镉的含量进行了相关检测,在相同的实验条件下对该地区的水体中的铅、镉的含量进行对比,并对该地区的铅、镉污染进行了相关的评价,通过一年的监测未见超标。铅、镉含量分别为6.53±0.07(ng/g)、4.60±0.03(ng/g);回收率分别为98.9%、103.5%;RSD分别为5.3%、4.1%。 相似文献
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109.
PW—W膜分离式活性污泥法处理中小规模高浓度有机废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
阐述PW-W膜分离式活性污泥法处理高浓度有机废水的原理、工艺流程及特点。处理系统集生化处理功能和固液分离于一体,对高浓度有机废水的处理取得了良好的效果,且剩余污泥量少,处理水质稳定,维护管理方便,运行费用低。 相似文献
110.
Model oligo esters of terephthalic acid with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol have been investigated with regard to their biodegradability in different biological environments. Well-characterized oligomers with weight-average molar masses of from 600 to 2600 g/mol exhibit biodegradation in aqueous systems, soil, and compost at 60°C. SEC investigations showed a fast biological degradation of the oligomer fraction consisting of 1 or 2 repeating units, independent of the diol component used for polycondensation, while polyester oligomers with degrees of polymerization higher than 2 were stable against microbial attack at room temperature in a time frame of 2 months. At 60°C in a compost environment chemical hydrolysis also degrades chains longer than two repeating units, resulting in enhanced degradability of the oligomers. Metabolization of the monomers and the dimers as well by the microorganisms could be confirmed by comparing SEC measurements and carbon balances in a Sturm test experiment. Based on these results degradation characteristics of potential oligomer intermediates resulting from a primary chain scission from copolyesters consisting of aromatic and aliphatic dicarbonic acids can be predicted depending on their composition. These results will have an evident influence on the evaluation of the biodegradability of commercially interesting copolyesters and lead to new ways of tailor-made designing of new biodegradable materials as well. 相似文献