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201.
放射性污染的危害及防护措施 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
环境巾的各种放射性污染都能影响人类健康。介绍了放射性污染性质、来源和特点,重点介绍了各种影响人类生活的放射性污染。和环境中的其他污染小同,它不易察觉,但容易在人体中积累,人们要关注放射性污染,对它有一个科学的认识,才能保护自身的健康。 相似文献
202.
采用单波长法和双波长法,分别考察了KH2PO4、H3PO4、H2SO4、KNO3、牛肉膏和蛋白胨对Cr(III)和Cr(VI)质量浓度测定的影响。结果显示,Cr(III)和Cr(VI)在测量中是相互影响的,并且Cr(III)对Cr(VI)影响较显著。在单波长法测定中,牛肉膏、蛋白胨及2种酸对Cr(III)和Cr(VI)的影响较钾盐对其影响更为显著,H3PO4和H2SO4对Cr(III)和Cr(VI)的特征吸收峰值影响最大,降低幅度在20%~50%。这些物质对双波长法测定Cr(VI)几乎没有影响;但对Cr(III)测定中,H2SO4和H3PO4的影响较大,其相对误差分别为14.57%和8.87%,其余物质产生的相对误差均小于1.6%。因此,双波长法可用于生物样品中Cr(III)和Cr(VI)的测定,线性范围分别为0~160 mg/L和0~80mg/L。 相似文献
203.
N. Jones C. Malesios M. Aloupi M. Proikaki T. Tsalis M. Hatziantoniou 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2019,26(6):471-483
Measuring sustainability is an integral part of decision-making processes in order to promote sustainable development. The present paper focuses on sustainability indicators as these are measured on local level and explores two main issues: firstly, the subjective measurement of indicators focusing especially on social dimensions of sustainability, secondly, the incorporation of local perceptions in sustainability assessments. These two issues are explored in the Asopos River basin in Greece, an area where significant environmental degradation has been observed in the past decades and is also under financial pressure due to the ongoing national recession. A large-scale research study was conducted measuring environmental, economic and social indicators while, at a second stage, a model was developed, estimating new indicators that incorporate local communities’ perceptions on what they considered as important for their area. The results of the study reveal that the most important indicators for the sustainable development of the area, according to locals’ perceptions, are environmental quality as well as quality of life. By contrast, trust in local and central institutions and also local enterprises were not considered as important by locals. These results illustrate the importance of combining global and national scale assessment with locally focused social measurements of sustainability in order to better understand what is important for local communities prior to embarking on public policy planning. 相似文献
204.
Zhiqiang Chen Lizhi Zhao Ye Ji Qinxue Wen Long Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):54
205.
Mei Lei Ziping Dong Ying Jiang Philip Longhurst Xiaoming Wan Guangdong Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(2):24
206.
Hang Zhang Shuo Chen Haiguang Zhang Xinfei Fan Cong Gao Hongtao Yu Xie Quan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(2):18
207.
208.
本文以三种有机酸为代表,研究并建立了测定水稻土中有机酸的分光光度法。结果表明,三种有机酸的有色络合物具有相同的吸收光谱,且具有相同的最大吸收波长(λ_(mss)=500um)和相近的表观摩尔吸光系数。水分对酯化反应影响很大,含水量达4ml时,吸光值下降85%。酯化温度在10℃以上时,酯化率达最大值且保持稳定。在25℃时,显色反应20min趋干稳定,且在1h内吸光值下降不超过1.2%。土样中的有机酸采用NaCl溶液为提取剂,以3:1的液土比振荡提取30min,NaCl溶液浓度为1%就能达到良好的提取、过滤效果。提取液在烘干前需进行碱化,否则有机酸将损失30%以上。本法平均回收率为92.2%(n=5),标准差为0-0.0478cmol k8~(-1)(n=2-6),平均0.0142cmol kg~(-1)(n=26);变异系数为0—10%(n=2-6),平均4.87%(n=26);线性范围为0—0.0018mol L~(-1)。 相似文献
209.
David T. Welsh 《Chemistry and Ecology》2003,19(5):321-342
Benthic macrofaunal populations through their feeding, bioturbation, burrow construction and sediment irrigation activities have profound influences on organic matter inputs to marine sediments (biodeposition) and on the vertical distribution of deposited organic matter within the sediment. These effects in turn influence the rates and pathways of organic matter mineralisation, and element cycles. Similarly, bioturbation, burrow construction and burrow irrigation are major determinants of sediment-water column fluxes of oxygen and nutrients.
In this review, I discuss the influences of the different benthic macrofaunal feeding (functional) groups on mineralisation processes and sediment-water column fluxes of particulate and dissolved nutrients. How these effects influence diagenic processes, the balance between aerobic and anaerobic processes, and the redox status of the surficial sediments. Finally, I discuss some of the limitations of the predominantly laboratory techniques which have been used to study “macrofaunal effects” and how this hinders the inclusion of the effects in quantitative sediment biogeochemical models. 相似文献
In this review, I discuss the influences of the different benthic macrofaunal feeding (functional) groups on mineralisation processes and sediment-water column fluxes of particulate and dissolved nutrients. How these effects influence diagenic processes, the balance between aerobic and anaerobic processes, and the redox status of the surficial sediments. Finally, I discuss some of the limitations of the predominantly laboratory techniques which have been used to study “macrofaunal effects” and how this hinders the inclusion of the effects in quantitative sediment biogeochemical models. 相似文献
210.
A grazing experiment was started in 1984 and 1989 respectively, in two parts of a dune grassland in the nature reserve ‘Zwanenwater’,
North Holland; a third part with similar geology and topography was used as a control area and not grazed. An evaluation of
the effects of grazing on vegetation patterns, species composition, vegetation structure and humus form was made with the
help of vegetation maps from 1986 and 1992 as well as field surveys.
Dense tall-grass communities dominated byAmmophila arenaria increased over the period 1986–1992 in the grazed areas, and especially in the non-grazed area (increase in area to 20%,
22% and 50%, respectively). Open communities decreased in the grazed areas, but are still prevalent, while in the ungrazed
area they virtually disappeared, with the result that the present percentage areas are 53%, 38% and 17%.
Field survey data were classified by TWINSPAN producing four vegetation types. These occur more or less equally in grazed
and ungrazed areas, albeit with different percentage areas: (1) open vegetation dominated byCorynephorus canescens; (2) open vegetation characteized, byKoeleria macrantha; (3) heathland dominated byEmpetrum nigrum; and (4) tall-grass communities dominated byAmmophila arenaria. Within a vegetation type, species composition was only marginally affected by grazing regime.
Within the open communities the number of species, vegetation height, vegetation cover and soil organic horizons were not
affected by grazing. In the tall-grass communities the number of species was significantly larger and the height of the vegetation
significantly lower in the area grazed since 1984. In the heathland community the number of species and cover of the moss
layer were significantly higher in the 1984 area and ectorganic and endorganic horizons significantly thicker in the ungrazed
area.
It is suggested that these effects are the result of an increased availability of light, but possibly also of a decreased
stock of organic matter and nutrients, due to a decreased input of litter and accelerated rates of decomposition. 相似文献