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221.
Anawar HM Akai J Yoshioka T Konohira E Lee JY Fukuhara H Tari Kul Alam M Garcia-Sanchez A 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2006,28(6):553-565
The extensive extraction of arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwaters for drinking, household and agricultural purposes represents
a serious health concern in many districts of Bangladesh. This laboratory-based incubation study investigated the sources
and mechanisms of As mobilization in these groundwaters. Several incubation studies were carried out using sediments collected
from the Bangladesh aquifer that were supplemented, or not, with different nutrients, followed by an analysis of the sediment
suspensions for pH, ORP (oxidation-reduction potential), EC (electrical conductivity) and As and Fe(ΙΙ) concentrations. In
the substrate-amended sediment suspensions incubated under anaerobic environment, there was a mobilization of As (maximum:
50–67 μg/l) and Fe(ΙΙ) (maximum: 182 μg/l), while the ORP value decreased immediately and drastically (as much as −468 mV
to −560 mV) within 5–6 days. In the sediment suspensions incubated under control and aerobic conditions, no significant As
mobilization occurred. The simultaneous mobilization of As and Fe(ΙΙ) from sediments is a strong indication that their mobilization
resulted from the reduction of Fe oxyhydroxide by the enhanced activity of indigenous bacteria present in the sediments; this
phenomenon also provides insights on the mobilization mechanism of As in groundwater. The concentrations of As in the sediments
used in the incubation studies were strongly linked to the gradients of redox potential development that was stimulated by
the quantity of organic nutrient (glucose) used. The penetration of surface-derived organic matter into the shallow aquifer
may stimulate the activity of microbial communities, thereby leading to a reduction of iron oxyhydroxide and As release. 相似文献
222.
Spatial and temporal variability of water repellency in a sandy soil contaminated with tar oil and heavy metals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water repellency can induce preferential flow and thus affect water flow and contaminant transport at hazardous waste sites. Since the spatial patterns of water repellency are mostly unknown, it is problematic to use numerical transport models to predict leachate composition. In this study, the spatial variability of soil water repellency was studied at an industrial site contaminated with tar oil, chromium, copper and arsenic. The persistence of water repellency was assessed by the water drop penetration time (WDPT), and the degree of water repellency was quantified by the ethanol percentage (EP) test. Measurements were made at the soil surface along 3.5-12.1 m long transects at different times between March and October 2002. The spatial variability of WDPT, EP, water content, and organic matter content was quantified by variogram analyses. Both the persistence and the degree of water repellency varied seasonally, with the highest water repellency during the summer months. The correlation lengths of WDPT values ranged between 16 and 406 cm, whereas EP values showed no spatial correlation. For field-moist samples, a critical soil water threshold, below which water repellency prevails, was estimated to be 2.5-4%. For oven dry samples, the WDPT values were dependent on the water content prior to drying. The wide range of correlation lengths and the temporal dynamics of spatial repellency patterns suggest that simulations of solute leaching must consider the spatial and temporal variability of soil hydrophobic properties. 相似文献
223.
放射性污染的危害及防护措施 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
环境巾的各种放射性污染都能影响人类健康。介绍了放射性污染性质、来源和特点,重点介绍了各种影响人类生活的放射性污染。和环境中的其他污染小同,它不易察觉,但容易在人体中积累,人们要关注放射性污染,对它有一个科学的认识,才能保护自身的健康。 相似文献
224.
采用单波长法和双波长法,分别考察了KH2PO4、H3PO4、H2SO4、KNO3、牛肉膏和蛋白胨对Cr(III)和Cr(VI)质量浓度测定的影响。结果显示,Cr(III)和Cr(VI)在测量中是相互影响的,并且Cr(III)对Cr(VI)影响较显著。在单波长法测定中,牛肉膏、蛋白胨及2种酸对Cr(III)和Cr(VI)的影响较钾盐对其影响更为显著,H3PO4和H2SO4对Cr(III)和Cr(VI)的特征吸收峰值影响最大,降低幅度在20%~50%。这些物质对双波长法测定Cr(VI)几乎没有影响;但对Cr(III)测定中,H2SO4和H3PO4的影响较大,其相对误差分别为14.57%和8.87%,其余物质产生的相对误差均小于1.6%。因此,双波长法可用于生物样品中Cr(III)和Cr(VI)的测定,线性范围分别为0~160 mg/L和0~80mg/L。 相似文献
225.
N. Jones C. Malesios M. Aloupi M. Proikaki T. Tsalis M. Hatziantoniou 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2019,26(6):471-483
Measuring sustainability is an integral part of decision-making processes in order to promote sustainable development. The present paper focuses on sustainability indicators as these are measured on local level and explores two main issues: firstly, the subjective measurement of indicators focusing especially on social dimensions of sustainability, secondly, the incorporation of local perceptions in sustainability assessments. These two issues are explored in the Asopos River basin in Greece, an area where significant environmental degradation has been observed in the past decades and is also under financial pressure due to the ongoing national recession. A large-scale research study was conducted measuring environmental, economic and social indicators while, at a second stage, a model was developed, estimating new indicators that incorporate local communities’ perceptions on what they considered as important for their area. The results of the study reveal that the most important indicators for the sustainable development of the area, according to locals’ perceptions, are environmental quality as well as quality of life. By contrast, trust in local and central institutions and also local enterprises were not considered as important by locals. These results illustrate the importance of combining global and national scale assessment with locally focused social measurements of sustainability in order to better understand what is important for local communities prior to embarking on public policy planning. 相似文献
226.
Zhiqiang Chen Lizhi Zhao Ye Ji Qinxue Wen Long Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):54
227.
Mei Lei Ziping Dong Ying Jiang Philip Longhurst Xiaoming Wan Guangdong Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(2):24
228.
Hang Zhang Shuo Chen Haiguang Zhang Xinfei Fan Cong Gao Hongtao Yu Xie Quan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(2):18
229.
230.
本文以三种有机酸为代表,研究并建立了测定水稻土中有机酸的分光光度法。结果表明,三种有机酸的有色络合物具有相同的吸收光谱,且具有相同的最大吸收波长(λ_(mss)=500um)和相近的表观摩尔吸光系数。水分对酯化反应影响很大,含水量达4ml时,吸光值下降85%。酯化温度在10℃以上时,酯化率达最大值且保持稳定。在25℃时,显色反应20min趋干稳定,且在1h内吸光值下降不超过1.2%。土样中的有机酸采用NaCl溶液为提取剂,以3:1的液土比振荡提取30min,NaCl溶液浓度为1%就能达到良好的提取、过滤效果。提取液在烘干前需进行碱化,否则有机酸将损失30%以上。本法平均回收率为92.2%(n=5),标准差为0-0.0478cmol k8~(-1)(n=2-6),平均0.0142cmol kg~(-1)(n=26);变异系数为0—10%(n=2-6),平均4.87%(n=26);线性范围为0—0.0018mol L~(-1)。 相似文献