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361.
重金属污染土壤接种丛枝菌根真菌对蚕豆毒性的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
采用盆栽实验的方法,研究了重金属(包括Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd)复合污染和接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)Glomus mosseae对蚕豆(Vicia faba)生长及DNA损伤的影响.结果表明,虽然接种菌根真菌对蚕豆生物量的影响并不显著,但是却显著影响植物对重金属的吸收,接种菌根真菌对蚕豆吸收4种重金属元素的作用有差异.采用单细胞凝胶电泳(single cell gel electrophoresis,SCGE)法研究接种菌根真菌对蚕豆叶片的DNA损伤的影响,与重金属吸收的结果相吻合.结果表明,接种处理可显著增加蚕豆叶片的DNA损伤程度,这与接种处理可提高植物的重金属吸收相一致. 相似文献
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363.
Elizabeth Mccann Shannon Sullivan Donna Erickson Raymond De Young 《Environmental management》1997,21(5):747-758
/ This study examines similarities and differences between organic and conventional farmers. We explore the factors that underlie farmers' conservation attitudes and behaviors, including demographic and farm characteristics, awareness of and concern for environmental problems associated with agriculture, economic orientation toward farming, and self-reported conservation practices. A series of intensive personal interviews was conducted with 25 farmers in Washtenaw County, Michigan, USA, using both qualitative and quantitative survey methods. The findings indicate that both groups of farmers share a concern for the economic risks associated with farming, although the organic farmers reported a significantly greater concern for long-term sustainability and a greater willingness to incur present risk to gain future benefits. Organic farmers expressed a greater awareness of and concern for environmental problems associated with agriculture. Organic farmers also scored significantly higher on a multifaceted measure of conservation practices, although both groups had a fairly high adoption rate. Implications of these findings are discussed, relative to economic risks of farming, implications for new farmers, effectiveness of conservation education and government programs, and impact of farm size and crop diversity.KEY WORDS: Environmental attitudes; Conservation behaviors; Organic farming; Agricultural sustainability 相似文献
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为了评估监测铀污染对环境影响程度,为环境治理提供参考依据,本研究通过筛选获得对铀胁迫敏感和抗性的2类微生物,用以响应土壤或水体的铀污染,并考察其对铀污染响应灵敏度。实验筛选得到的红色敏感菌与粉色抗性菌经鉴定分别为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)和玫瑰色考克氏菌(Kocuria rosea),明显的菌落特征实现了微生物检测的可视化与简单化。通过寡培养基的应用,成功地以粘质沙雷氏菌:玫瑰色考克氏菌为1:2的比例构建了微生物检测体系。经验证,该体系在水体中能够检测出铀的最低浓度约为5 mg·L-1,在土壤中能检出的铀浓度高于10 mg·kg-1才有明显效果,表明本微生物组合对于监测水体和土壤铀污染是有效的。该体系为水体和土壤铀污染的微生物监测提供了前期技术基础。同时,寡培养方式的使用为外界因素对微生物的影响的"效果保真培养"提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
366.
Stanley N. Davis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(5):1028-1034
ABSTRACT: Teodoro Ardemans, first post-Renaissance water expert of Spain, recognized problems of ground-water contamination, influence of minerals on water quality, and mutual interference between closely spaced wells. He is also noted for his achievements in architecture and the writing of the first comprehensive building code for Madrid. 相似文献
367.
E. A. Borisova 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2006,37(3):152-155
In the course of floristic studies in suburban forests near the city of Ivanovo, 206 species of vascular plants have been recorded, including 39 invasive species (18.9%). Information on specific features of distribution and activity of introduced species growing feral and accidental weeds in different forest types is presented. The most aggressive species are distinguished. Factors responsible for the invasion of alien species to forest cenoses and main tendencies in their dynamics are discussed. 相似文献
368.
Spatial and temporal variability of water repellency in a sandy soil contaminated with tar oil and heavy metals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water repellency can induce preferential flow and thus affect water flow and contaminant transport at hazardous waste sites. Since the spatial patterns of water repellency are mostly unknown, it is problematic to use numerical transport models to predict leachate composition. In this study, the spatial variability of soil water repellency was studied at an industrial site contaminated with tar oil, chromium, copper and arsenic. The persistence of water repellency was assessed by the water drop penetration time (WDPT), and the degree of water repellency was quantified by the ethanol percentage (EP) test. Measurements were made at the soil surface along 3.5-12.1 m long transects at different times between March and October 2002. The spatial variability of WDPT, EP, water content, and organic matter content was quantified by variogram analyses. Both the persistence and the degree of water repellency varied seasonally, with the highest water repellency during the summer months. The correlation lengths of WDPT values ranged between 16 and 406 cm, whereas EP values showed no spatial correlation. For field-moist samples, a critical soil water threshold, below which water repellency prevails, was estimated to be 2.5-4%. For oven dry samples, the WDPT values were dependent on the water content prior to drying. The wide range of correlation lengths and the temporal dynamics of spatial repellency patterns suggest that simulations of solute leaching must consider the spatial and temporal variability of soil hydrophobic properties. 相似文献
369.
N. Jones C. Malesios M. Aloupi M. Proikaki T. Tsalis M. Hatziantoniou 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2019,26(6):471-483
Measuring sustainability is an integral part of decision-making processes in order to promote sustainable development. The present paper focuses on sustainability indicators as these are measured on local level and explores two main issues: firstly, the subjective measurement of indicators focusing especially on social dimensions of sustainability, secondly, the incorporation of local perceptions in sustainability assessments. These two issues are explored in the Asopos River basin in Greece, an area where significant environmental degradation has been observed in the past decades and is also under financial pressure due to the ongoing national recession. A large-scale research study was conducted measuring environmental, economic and social indicators while, at a second stage, a model was developed, estimating new indicators that incorporate local communities’ perceptions on what they considered as important for their area. The results of the study reveal that the most important indicators for the sustainable development of the area, according to locals’ perceptions, are environmental quality as well as quality of life. By contrast, trust in local and central institutions and also local enterprises were not considered as important by locals. These results illustrate the importance of combining global and national scale assessment with locally focused social measurements of sustainability in order to better understand what is important for local communities prior to embarking on public policy planning. 相似文献
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