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451.
超积累植物和化学改良剂联合修复锌镉污染土壤后的微生物特征 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过盆栽试验,观察分析不同的土壤改良配方对重金属超积累植物东南景天盆栽土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量、Cmic及Nmic的影响,以此来筛选出最优的促进东南景天修复锌镉污染土壤的改良剂配方。结果显示:细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,与土壤Zn、Cd的去除率、东南景天植株干质量、Cmic及Cmic/Nmic两两之间都呈现极显著正相关关系(但Cmic/Nmic与真菌数量仅呈显著相关)。添加了土壤改良剂后,细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量都有不同程度的增加,其中以细菌数量的增加最为显著,放线菌次之,真菌则对各种土壤处理相对较不敏感;在各种土壤配方中,添加了6 g赤泥、15 g污泥和15 g沸石的T7处理最有利于各类土壤微生物的生长,微生物量碳达到345.64 mg.kg-1,与其它处理之间都达到显著差异。因此,可以利用土壤微生物作为污染土壤改良情况的生物指标。该研究为下阶段研究化学改良剂-植物-微生物修复技术奠定了基础。 相似文献
452.
453.
Environmental risk assessment of metals contaminated soils at silvermines abandoned mine site,Co Tipperary,Ireland 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A centuries long history of mining and mineral processing has resulted in elevated Cd, Pb and Zn soil concentrations in the vicinity of the Silvermines abandoned mine site (AMS), Co. Tipperary, Ireland. A process for preliminary evaluation of environmental risk was developed and implemented. Potential pathways of metal compound transport and deposition were mapped and used to optimise the subsequent site investigation. Elevated soil metals are shown to be predominantly in areas where metal deposition in soil is associated with water related pathways (surface runoff, seasonal groundwater seepage and floodplains). Extensive areas of soil in the surrounding district are classified as contaminated on the basis of Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations, both total and potential bioavailable (EDTA-extractable). The most affected areas, with metal concentrations in soil comparable with that within the AMS, were floodplains located 2–3 km downstream from the site. Assessment of the sequential effects on grass and grazing animals indicates that Pb poses the greatest risk due to its high toxicity and high concentrations in soil (more than 10 000 mg kg–1). Within floodplain areas grazing cattle may intake a lethal dose of Pb. On the basis of the investigation an approach to risk assessment was developed which allowed quantified assessment of the risks related to individual metals, areas of contamination and contamination targets. 相似文献
454.
This study was initiated to identify the impact of metals and uranium enriched soil and black shale in groundwater quality and contamination. From a Piper diagram, groundwater was classified into four types as (Ca+Mg)–HCO3 type, (Ca+Mg)–SO4 type, the mixed type of these two and Na–HCO3 type, reflecting the complicated nature of geology of the study area. Silicate weathering appeared to be the major water–rock interaction. In groundwater, metals including Cr, Pb, Cu and V, previously identified as being enriched in soils and black shale, were much lower in concentrations than Korean and US EPA drinking water guidelines. Instead, Fe and Mn caused major water-quality problems. In the artesian groundwater from an abandoned uranium mine, the uranium concentration was 21.3 µg L–1, slightly higher than EPA guidelines of 20 µg L–1. Heavy metals in groundwater appeared to be controlled mostly by sorptions on to Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides. They could be remobilised in groundwater with changes of pH and Eh conditions due to acid mine drainage from black shale or the recharge of fresh water. Uranium would be associated with carbonate and sulphate complexes in groundwater. Because of the remaining water-quality problems in the study area, we suggested containment of identified mine wastes, considering remedial measures for local problems with Fe and Mn, continuous monitoring of groundwater and developing groundwater from deep aquifers. 相似文献
455.
Antonella Cilenti Maria Rosaria Provenzano Nicola Senesi 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(2):53-56
In this paper hydrophilic (HI) and hydrophobic (HO) fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soils at different
degrees of salinisation were characterised by means of fluorescence spectroscopy in the emission, excitation and synchronous-scan
modes. Results provided evidence of the different chemical nature of DOM fractions and allowed to distinguish hydrophilic
and hydrophobic fractions extracted from the same soil substrate. The strong decrease in fluorescence intensity observed with
the increasing salinity of the soils can be utilised to obtain information on the salinity level of different soil substrates
by comparison of spectral fluorescence intensities. 相似文献
456.
在植物粮食、土壤有机氯农药残留监测,使用涂有OV-17和QF-1固定液的白色载体ChromosorbW,该种色谱柱对六六六的四种异构体分离比较好,但对DDT的四种异构体分离不理想,采用红色载体ChromosorbP和白色载体ChomosorbW湿床填充的色谱柱,分离有机氯农药8种组份仅需15分钟,提高了有机氯农药的分离分析效果。 相似文献
457.
本文测定了几种有机污染物在双组分有机相与水相之间的分配系数,结果显示污染物在这种两相体系间的分配系数与构成有机相的两种有机溶剂对污染物的萃取常数及体积份数有关,并对污染物在有机相存在分子缔合时的分配行为进行了探讨. 相似文献
458.
459.
一系列以高浓度有机废水为主料,根据高聚物相似互溶、扩散渗透原理,基于高聚物交联(架侨)反应,使原来呈线状结构或轻度支链的天然高分子交联成三维空间网状结构的复合粘结剂。本系列复合粘结剂来源广,价格低,用于粉煤加工成型,基本不受煤种、配煤比、固硫剂的制约。其型煤冷热强度高,防潮抗水性好,脱硫固灰率高,易着火,能燃尽、不结焦,成本低,适用于工业和民用的清洁燃烧,能减轻S02、高浓度有机废水的污染及危害。 相似文献
460.