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91.
Sulphate leaching losses may reduce the long-term possibility of maintaining the S supply of crops in low input farming systems. The ability of catch crops (Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam), winter rape (Brassica napus L.) and fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.)) to reduce soil sulphate concentrations in autumn and make it available to a succeeding crop was investigated in 1996–1998 on sandy loam soil in Denmark. All catch crops reduced soil sulphate concentrations in the autumn compared to bare soil. Especially, the cruciferous catch crops had the ability to deplete efficiently soil sulphate levels and thus, reduce the sulphate leaching potential. The S uptake in aboveground catch crop was 8, 22 and 36 kg S per ha for ryegrass, winter rape and fodder radish, respectively. In the following spring, sulphate levels of the autumn bare soil were low in the top 0.5 m and a peak of sulphate was found at 0.75–1 m depth. In contrast, where a fodder radish catch crop had been grown, high sulphate levels were present in the top 0.5 m, but only small amounts of sulphate were found at 0.5–1.5 m depth. In spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), that followed catch crops, S concentrations at heading and maturity revealed that the availability of soil S increased following winter rape and fodder radish, whereas there were indications that following ryegrass, the S availability was reduced compared to bare soil. This initial study showed that catch crops have a high potential for reducing sulphate leaching and may be used to synchronise S availability with plant demand in a crop rotation. 相似文献
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J. Altenburger Th. Dielacher P. Eder H. Ferner M. Fegerl J. Fresner O. Gelinek A. Kogler J. Jantschgi M. Nussbaumer B. Russegger H. Schnitzer K. Schauer B. Sebesta J. Seiler F. Sprenger H. Widenmeyer 《Journal of Cleaner Production》1994,2(3-4)
The paper focuses upon the organization of a federal state-funded pollution prevention project in the Styrian industry. The project includes 13 companies from the textile, pulp and paper, machine building, wood working and printed circuit board manufacturing industries, covering most of the sectors and sizes in the Styrian industry. It started in January 1994 and will last for one year. It will demonstrate the possibilities of pollution prevention and the need for further research work. This project will make use of the methods and tools that were refined in the Austrian Prepare project. As a first step, a systematic balance of all the inputs and outputs of a company is made, after which the weak points and inefficiencies of material and energy use are identified and the options for improvements, both economical and ecological, are defined. Consequently, modifications in products and production lead to a situation with less waste and emissions. The preliminary lessons from these projects are presented: as a rule, the utilities (consumption of process materials and water, cleaning, energy, preparatory and finishing steps) are treated as black boxes and usually represent a considerable optimization potential. In these areas especially there is usually a lack of information and coordination as well as a need for a systematic and comprehensive approach. Leadership in the company and creative consultants are needed for starting lasting successful pollution prevention projects. 相似文献
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以某铝厂环境空气氟化物污染纠纷的技术仲裁监测为实例,总结出了一套环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测的工作程序和方法,从法律程序、技术路线、质量保证,监测指标体系等方面对环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测工作如何开展进行了探讨。 相似文献
96.
滇池草海蓝藻清除应急措施总体方案 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
我国首例大型湖泊蓝藻清除工程中,制订了由湖泊应急治理措施、水资源应急调控措施和行政管理强化措施构成的注重时空需要、突出治标应急和多专业、多技术相互配合的综合应急方案。 相似文献
97.
滇池水污染总量控制中污染源系统特征研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
湖泊流域同入湖水系的流域单元组成,本文以滇池流域单元为基础,进行了污染源总量控制片区划分,并对各片区进行了污染源系统特征研究,从而为滇池主要污染物总量控制提出了工作重点和具体对象。 相似文献
98.
对沈阳张士污灌区大气、水、土壤和生物各分室中Cd的库存量和各分室间Cd的循环通量进行了研究,建立了土壤-水稻系统中Cd流分室模型。该模型表明,Ⅱ闸和Ⅲ闸地区土壤分室中Cd的库存增量均为正值。可见,该污灌区近年来Cd污染程度由于污水灌溉仍然处于加剧的趋势。研究最后指出,该污灌区Cd的污染防治对策主要是减少污水灌溉量、进一步降低灌溉水中Cd的浓度和通过富Cd植物收获带走Cd.其中,以野生苋的收获带走Cd最有意义,它可使Ⅱ闸和Ⅲ闸地区Cd的下降速率分别依次达到29.49和22.81mg/(m ̄2·a)。 相似文献
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1 IntroductionGuizhouProvinceislocatedinsouthwestChinawithatotalareaof 176.2 8thousandsquarekilometers,ofwhich 87%ismountain ,10 %ishills,3%isriver,basinandplain .Guizhouisamountainousprovincewithrichmineralresources,amongwhichmercuryreserveranksfirstinChina,eveni… 相似文献