被动采样/热脱附/GC-MS法测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量

建立了吸附管被动采样-热脱附解吸气相色谱质谱联用测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量的采样、分析方法。14种挥发性有机物的检出限为0.002~0.005 ng/h。该法采样无需动力,具有简单、方便、灵敏度高等特点,可广泛应用于环境气体的监测。     

浑河(抚顺市区主断面)水质有机污染变化分析

1990年～2001年对浑河(抚顺市区主面段)水质有机污染变化进行了分析,用水质有机污染综合指数(A值)对 水质进行了评价。结果表明:水体基本达到V类水质标准。水质污染轻重排序为阿及堡<和平桥<七间房。     

几种降低有机样品分析系统误差的方法

有机痕量分析的样品处理包括从样品采集直到最终分离测定的全过程,在有机痕量分析中,必须严格防止所用器皿、化学试剂、溶剂等污染,减少系统误差。     

Superior trichloroethylene removal from water by sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron/graphene aerogel composite

Sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) is a promising material for removal of organic pollutants from water, but S-nZVI nanoparticles (NPs) easily agglomerate and have poor contact with organic contaminants. Herein, we propose a new S-nZVI/graphene aerogel (S-nZVI/GA) composite which exhibits superior removal capability for trichloroethylene (TCE) from water. Three-dimensional porous graphene aerogel (GA) can improve the efficiency of electron transport, enhance the adsorption of organic pollutants and restrain the agglomeration of the core-shell S-nZVI NPs. The TCE removal rates of FeS, nZVI, GA and S-nZVI were 27.8%, 42%, 63% and 75% in 2?hr, respectively. Furthermore, TCE was completely removed within 50?min by S-nZVI/GA. The TCE removal rate increased with increasing pH and temperature, and TCE removal followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The results demonstrate the great potential of S-nZVI/GA composite as a low-cost, easily separated and superior monolithic adsorbent for removal of organic pollutants.     

化工厂、制药厂、焦化厂废水中有机污染物组成分析

对太原地区的化工厂、制药厂、焦化厂排放废水中有机污染物进行了系统检测。在太原化工厂排放废水中检测出21种有机污染物,苯酚、氯苯占排放量的32.1％;在制药厂废水中检测出23种有机污染物,氯苯、硝基乙苯占排放量的53.2％;在焦化厂排放废水中检测出43种有机污染物,11种多环芳烃占排放量的57.0％,7种酚类占排放量的21.9％。     

饮用水中挥发性有机污染物的直接测定液氮冷阱/色谱/质谱—毛细管柱法

将冷阱用于液样浓缩器(LSC)/色谱/质谱(GC/MS)装置中,可对饮用水中挥发性有机污染物进行快速定性、定量分析.此方法适用于对饮用水及天然水体中挥发性有机污染物的普查和监测.     

长江下游某开发区的优先控制有机毒物研究

参考国内外有关优先控制污染物的筛选方法,以长江下游(江苏段)某开发区为例,通过污染源现状调查和水环境现状监测,提出了针对性的优先控制有机毒物筛选方法,并在该开发区进行应用,同时对区域有机毒物控制方案进行了建议。     

Phosphorus loss from different farming systems estimated from soil surface phosphorus balance

The phosphorus load originating from crop production and animal husbandry is a major contributor to the eutrophication of lakes, rivers and coastal waters. The P losses to surface waters may, however, differ drastically due to the diversity of agricultural production systems practised under contrasting environmental conditions. To assess the most problematic types of agriculture, we need information on the P load from different alternative farming practices. Such information cannot, however, be obtained solely from field runoff experiments, as the number of treatment combinations required to account for all relevant farming systems and environmental conditions far exceeds our research capabilities. To facilitate the comparison of P loads, we therefore need reasonably simple models. A key factor controlling the P load from agriculture is the past and present use of nutrients in fertilizers and manure in relation to a crop's uptake, i.e. the soil-surface balance of P. Here, we present a simple empirical model that relates the P surplus (or deficit) in a farm to the edge-of-field losses of algal-available P. Based on long-term fertilizer trials, the model first estimates the change in soil-test P of top soil with the aid of the soil-surface balance of P. Soil-test P is then used to approximate the concentration of dissolved reactive P in surface runoff and drainage flow, as adjusted for different P application types. The loss of particulate P is obtained from typical erosion rates. The model can be applied in life-cycle analyses and in assessing future developments. We illustrate use of the model by calculating the loss of algal-available P from conventional and organic crop and dairy farms located on clay and fine sand soils.     

Laboratory study highlights the key influences of stormwater sediment thickness and bioturbation by tubificid worms on dynamics of nutrients and pollutants in stormwater retention systems

In urban area, the accumulation of polluted stormwater sediments (SWS) in retention ponds may be a source of dissolved pollutants and nutrients for the aquatic ecosystems. Our objective was to quantify the influence of the thickness of SWS layer and the occurrence of tubificid worms on organic matter processing (O(2) uptake and fluxes of NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), PO(4)(3-), and dissolved organic carbon between sediment and water), releases of 17 PAHs and 4 heavy metals, and microbial characteristics. Results showed that oxidation of SWS organic matter (O(2) and NO(3)(-) uptakes) and releases of nutrients were significantly increased by the quantity of accumulated SWS and the worm bioturbation. Releases of acenaphtene and naphthalene from sediments were significantly increased by the thickness of the SWS layer. In contrast, tubificid worms did not promote the mobilization of pollutants. In conclusion, biological activities and stormwater sediment characteristics need to be assessed to quantify the fate of pollutants and nutrients in stormwater retention ponds.