GC／MS法测定自来水中挥发性有机化合物

应用ＧＣ／ＭＳ联用仪对自来水中挥发性有机化合物进行了测定,实现了了吹扫－捕集装置与联用仪的连接,并由ＤＰＦＣ控制,使整个过程自动化。检测的自来水样中,主要有氯甲烷类,溴氯甲烷类和苯类等挥发性化合物。     

Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) as a Natural and Sustainable Wastewater Reclamation/Reuse Technology: Fate of Wastewater Effluent Organic Matter (EfOM) and Trace Organic Compounds

Through the use of innovative analytical tools, the removal/transformation of wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) have been tracked through soil aquifer treatment (SAT). While the total amount of EfOM is significantly reduced by SAT, there are trends of shorter term versus longer term removals of specific EfOM fractions. The preferential removal of non-humic components (e.g., proteins, polysaccharides) of EfOM occurs over shorter travel times/distances while humic components (i.e., humic substances) are removed over longer travel times/distances, with the removal of both by sustainable biodegradation. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), a surrogate for protein-like EfOM, is also effectively removed over shorter term SAT. There is some background humic-like natural organic matter (NOM), associated with the drinking water source within the watershed, that persists through SAT. While most effluent-derived trace organic compounds are removed to varying degrees as a function of travel time and redox conditions, a few persist even through longer term SAT.     

钱塘江富阳-杭州段沉积物磷的赋存形态分析

研究了钱塘江富阳一杭州段10个采样点表层沉积物中TP、各组分磷的含量分布以及沉积物有机质和粒径对磷分布情况的影响.结果表明,钱塘江富阳一杭州段表层沉积物中的TP为594.76～1 463.06 mg/kg,平均为940.24 mg/kg.NaOH提取态磷(NaOH-P)是污染河段无机磷(IP)的主要赋存状态.除个别采样点外,有机磷(OP)在TP中所占的比例相对较低.钱塘江富阳一杭州段沉积物TP以及赋存状态与沉积物粒度组成及有机质含量有显著的相关关系,沉积物中细颗粒越多,有机质含量越高,其TP也就越高,污染河段磷素增加主要造成NaOH-P升高,因此可以判断河段释磷潜力与污染有关.     

水环境中有机污染物与溶解性有机质相互作用研究

溶解性有机质(DOM)是水环境中重要的有机组分,主要通过氢键、范德华力、疏水作用等多种作用吸附结合有机污染物,影响有机污染物的迁移转化等环境行为,同时DOM对水环境中有机污染物的吸附作用还受DOM和有机污染物的性质等诸多因素的影响。     

高效离子色谱法检测F- 、CH3 COO- 、HCOO- 、Cl - 的方法研究

在对离子色谱分析的研究过程中,建立了以0.12mmol/L Na2CO3和0.15mmol/L Na2HCO3为淋洗液,12.5mmol/L H2SO4为微膜抑制器的再生液,用HPIC－AS3串联HPIC－AG3的色谱系统,一次进样50mL可在8min内检测出μg/L级的F^-、CH3COO^-、HCOO^-、Cl^-,方法简便、经济快捷。经实验,甲酸、乙酸的检出限分别为2.56μg/L和17.4μg/L,F^-、Cl^-为1.87μg/L和8.82μg/L;方法精密度的相对标准差在0．4％－2．0％范围,样品加标回收率在97．7％－103．5％之间,完全能够满足降水样品和大气样品中F^-、Cl^-和低碳有机酸（甲酸、乙酸）的分析要求。在同一系统中只需要增加淋洗液浓度,采用一级梯度洗淋亦可完成对同一样品中其他阴离子（NO3^-、SO4^2-、PO4^3-）的检测。     

Pesticide residues in liquid pekmez (grape molasses)

In this investigation properties of organic semiconductor copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) capacitive humidity and illumination sensors were studied. Organic thin film was deposited by vacuum evaporation on a glass substrate with silver surface-type electrodes to form the Ag/CuPc/Ag sensor. The capacitance of the samples was evaluated at room temperature in the relative humidity range of 35–92%. It was observed that capacitance of the Ag/CuPc/Ag sensor increases with increase in humidity. The ratio of the relative capacitance to relative humidity was about 200. It is assumed that in general the capacitive response of the sensor is associated with polarization due to absorption of water molecules and transfer of charges (electrons and holes). It was observed that under filament lamp illumination of up to 1,000 lx the capacitance of the Ag/CuPc/Ag photo capacitive detectors increased continuously by 20% as compared to dark condition. It is assumed that photo capacitive response of the sensor is associated with polarization due to transfer of photo-generated electrons and holes. An equivalent circuit of the Ag/CuPc/Ag capacitive humidity and illumination sensor was developed. Humidity and illumination dependent capacitance properties of this sensor make it attractive for use in humidity and illumination multi-meters. The sensor may be used in instruments for environmental monitoring of humidity and illumination.     

石化污水处理场排放废气中有机污染的分析与评价

采用预浓缩、气相色谱-质谱联用及脉冲火焰光度检测的方法对石化污水处理场排放的废气污染物进行了定性与定量分析,并采用相应的污染物排放标准及其人体感知嗅阈值进行了污染程度评价.结果表明,污水处理场在各个采样点位均有挥发性有机污染物和恶臭污染物检出,其中以污水进口最为严重.从检出物的浓度水平而言,苯系物和恶臭污染物均存在超标现象,而且检出的恶臭污染物浓度水平远高于人体感知嗅阈值.     

便携式傅里叶红外分析仪测定水中挥发性有机污染物

发明了一种利用GASMET FTIR Dx4020便携式傅里叶红外分析仪测定水中挥发性有机物的实用方法,该方法可以定性定量25个水中挥发性有机物.该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高等特点,以苯系物中各单组分物质为例,方法检测限为11 ～45μg/L,相对标准偏差为3.4％ ～ 6.6％,加标回收率为98％ ～ 109％,在浓度范围内具有良好的线性.但对苯系物混合物定量准确性还需进一步研究提高.     

热脱附/气相色谱法测定空气中含硫化合物

以固体CO2为冷却试剂,使空气中含硫化合物有效富集在-70℃条件下TANEX复合吸附管内,样品管在热脱附装置中120℃下解吸后,采用气相色谱脉冲式火焰光度检测器测定硫化氢、甲硫醇、二甲二硫和甲硫醚,优化了试验条件。4种含硫化合物检出限为0.1ng—0.5ng,标准管测定的RSD为12.7％—16.3％,实际气样加标回收率为78.3％—87.7％。     

丰水期阿克苏河水系中挥发性有机物污染现状

近年来,随着阿克苏地区经济的快速发展和工业活动的增加,阿克苏河的水环境质量受到越来越多的关注,但对其挥发性有机物污染状况的研究却鲜有报道。本研究采用气相色谱/质谱法,选取了有代表性的17个采样点位对丰水期阿克苏地区地表水中挥发性有机污染物的种类和含量进行了测定,对检出污染物的情况进行了分析探讨。