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741.
GIANFRANCO GUERINI PIERO MAFFEIS LUIGI ALLIEVI CARMEN GIGLIOTTI 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):1203-1219
Agricultural soils of two Italian maize farms were treated for five years with an industrially produced high-quality compost. Cattle manure and the usual mineral fertilizer were used for comparison purposes. The effects of the organic and mineral fertilizer treatments were studied by analyzing the compost and manure, cultured soils, and harvested material. The grain yield was also determined. Organic fertilization improved soil pH, CEC, content of organic matter and NPK. Soil respiration and N mineralization were found to be higher than in the purely mineral-treated soil. Plant K take-up was improved, whereas grain yield was not affected. It was confirmed that organic fertilization, particularly compost use, maintained and increased soil fertility. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using in loco analytical facilities to follow the entire recycling process—from waste to compost production—and the use of the final product in the field. 相似文献
742.
Satnam Singh Li-Sen Young Fo-Ting Shen Chiu-Chung Young 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1877-1883
Discharging untreated highly acidic (pH < 4.0), organic and nutrients rich monosodium glutamate wastewater (MW), and highly alkaline (pH > 10.0) paper-mill wastewater (PW) causes environmental pollution. When acidity of MW neutralized (pH 6.5 ± 0.1) with PW and lime (treatments represented as MW + PW and MW + Lime), then MW may be utilized as a potential source of nutrients and organic carbon for sustainable food production. Objectives of this study were to compare the effects of PW and lime neutralized MW and chemical fertilizers on maize (Zea mays L. cv. Snow Jean) plant growth, yield, nutrients uptake, soil organic matter and humic substances. The field experiment was carried out on maize using MW at 6000 L ha?1. Impacts of the MW application on maize crop and soil properties were evaluated at different stages. At harvest, plant height, and plant N and K uptake were higher in MW treatment. Leaf area index at 60 days after sowing, plant dry matter accumulation at harvest, and kernels ear?1 and 100-kernel weight were higher in MW + Lime treatment. Kernel N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn, and plant Zn uptake were highest in MW + Lime. Plant Fe uptake, and soil organic matter and humic substances were highest in MW + PW. The MW + PW and MW + Lime treatments exhibited comparable results with chemically fertilized treatment. The MW acidity neutralized with lime showed positive impacts on growth, yield and nutrients uptake; nevertheless, when MW pH neutralized with PW has an additional benefit on increase in soil organic matter and humic substances. 相似文献
743.
分析了广州市3条河涌底泥中有机质、石油烃、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等主要污染物的垂直分布特征。结果表明:曾边涌、南村涌、会江涌底泥中有机质平均值分别为43.15mg/kg、10.80 mg/kg、34.81 mg/kg,石油烃含量平均值分别为:1644 mg/kg,2427 mg/kg,6763 mg/kg。有机质和石油烃垂直变化特征相似,曾边涌呈现表层底泥含量低而底层高的特征,南村涌呈现随深度增加而降低的趋势,会江涌呈现先降低后上升的趋势,3条河涌底泥中不同重金属垂直变化规律不一样;河涌底泥中污染物所呈现的垂直分布规律并不总是上层污染物浓度高而下层低的正常沉积特征。因此,在考虑通过清淤改善河流水质时,应考虑河流污染的历史,并调查沉积物中污染物垂直分布的实际情况。 相似文献
744.
Production of biochemicals from waste streams has been attracting increasing worldwide interest to achieve climate protection goals. Chain elongation(CE) for production of mediumchain carboxylic acids(MCCAs, especially caproate, enanthate and caprylate) from diverse biowaste has emerged as a potential economic and environmental technology for a sustainable society. The present mini review summarizes the research utilizing various synthetic or real waste-derived substrates available for MCCA production. Additionally, the microbial characteristics of the CE process are surveyed and discussed. Considering that a large proportion of recalcitrantly biodegradable biowaste and residues cannot be further utilized by CE systems and remain to be treated and disposed, we propose here a loop concept of bioconversion of biowaste to MCCAs making full use of the biowaste with zero emission. This could make possible an alternative technology for synthesis of value-added products from a wide range of biowaste, or even non-biodegradable waste(such as, plastics and rubbers). Meanwhile, the remaining scientific questions, unsolved problems, application potential and possible developments for this technology are discussed. 相似文献
745.
746.
Zuo Tong How Ina Kristian Francesco Busetti Kathryn L. Linge Cynthia A. Joll 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):2-18
This paper is a critical review of current knowledge of organic chloramines in water systems,including their formation, stability, toxicity, analyticalmethods for detection, and their impact
on drinking water treatment and quality. The term organic chloramines may refer to any
halogenated organic compounds measured as part of combined chlorine (the difference
between themeasured free and total chlorine concentrations), andmay include N-chloramines,
N-chloramino acids, N-chloraldimines and N-chloramides. Organic chloramines can form
when dissolved organic nitrogen or dissolved organic carbon react with either free chlorine
or inorganic chloramines. They are potentially harmful to humans and may exist as an
intermediate for other disinfection by-products. However, little information is available on the
formation or occurrence of organic chloramines in water due to a number of challenges. One of
the biggest challenges for the identification and quantification of organic chloramines in water
systems is the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In addition, many of the organic
chloramines that formduring disinfection are unstable,which results in difficulties in sampling
and detection. To date research has focussed on the study of organic monochloramines.
However, given that breakpoint chlorination is commonly undertaken in water treatment
systems, the formation of organic dichloramines should also be considered. Organic
chloramines can be formed frommany different precursors and pathways. Therefore, studying
the occurrence of their precursors in water systems would enable better prediction and
management of their formation. 相似文献
747.
焚烧法处理高浓度有机废水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用焚烧法,利用原有20吨锅炉,处理24.1t/d高浓度有机废水。经2年多的运行试验,结果表明,在保证锅炉安全运行条件下,把废水冷直接喷射入锅炉焚烧,能解决废水的处理;该方法投资省,焚烧情况良好灰渣及飞灰含碳量均有所降低,对锅炉出力、效率无显著影响。 相似文献
748.
749.
Good growth of grain legumes helps food security and protection of the environment but this may require nutrient inputs. A participatory technology development activity explored from 1998 to 2000 the responses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to inorganic soil amendments (P and K) on terre de barre soils with different levels of degradation in southern Bénin. Adingnigon, on the Abomey plateau, represents a level of severe degradation, while Hayakpa, on the Allada plateau, is still relatively non-degraded. Treatments included: (i) an unamended control, (ii) P fertilizer only, applied in 1998 or 1999, and (iii) P plus K applied in 1999. At Hayakpa, yields without fertilizer were generally moderate to high; responses to P were statistically significant and K application had a significant effect on soybean yield in 2000. At Adingnigon, P application had a large relative effect (30–200%) but a small absolute effect (less than 100 kg/ha) on cowpea and soybean yield. Subsequent K application increased grain yields further (approximately 100 kg/ha) but still not up to the cowpea yield potential. When 13 Mg/ha of organic amendment (chicken manure or cotton seed) were applied to severely degraded plots at Adingnigon with prior grain yields below 200 kg/ha, cowpea yields of more than 500 kg/ha were achieved, approaching their biological potential for the zone. It is clear from this study that (i) P and K inputs are needed for grain legumes even on relatively non-degraded terre de barre soils and (ii) inorganic fertilizer alone will not revive highly degraded soils on the terre de barre plateaus of southern Bénin. 相似文献
750.
上澳塘水体生物修复试验 总被引:55,自引:1,他引:55
生物修复,是通过微生物的作用,使受污染的土壤或水体中的污染物,就地降解成CO2、H2O,或转化成无害物质的一种污染治理技术。试验采用美国Probiotic Solutions公司的水体净化促生液,对徐汇区上澳塘黑臭水体进行生物修复。结果表明,该净化促生液具有促进水体好氧洁净状态生态系统各类微生物的生长,及向良性生态区系演替的作用,可促进污染水体中微生物由厌氧向好氧演替,生物由低等向高等替,水体中生物多样性增加;同时,还可促进水体中有机物的降解,并有助于水体增氧,可有效地消除水体黑臭。 相似文献