有机污染物水排放标准推荐值的确定

针对我国《污水综合排放标准》GB8978-1996存在的问题,根据以毒理学实验数据为基础的水环境目标值和排放目标值,参考美国EPA推荐的水质量标准、GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》、GB3838-2002《地面水质量标准》和实测的环境数据,提出重点控制有机污染物水排放标准推荐值。     

Cadmium-induced toxicity reversal by zinc in Ceratophyllum demersum L. (a free floating aquatic macrophyte) together with exogenous supplements of amino- and organic acids

This paper analyzes the detoxification mechanisms adopted by amino- and organic acids to alleviate Cd toxicity. In addition, with our published data on Zn–Cd interactions, the influence of Zn (200 μM) supplements on the detoxification mechanisms of amino- and organic acids have also been studied. The experimental studies on metal uptake, lipid peroxidation levels, estimation of reduced and oxidized glutathione levels as well as γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in amino acid supplemented Cd treatments indicated glutathione-mediated detoxification system, which was also enhanced by Zn (200 μM) supplements. However Zn did not aid in glutathione synthesis, but maintained the ratio of reduced and oxidized forms. The supplementation of organic acids to Cd treatments indicated detoxification through the mechanism of chelation. Zn seemed to be less influential on organic acids-mediated detoxification mechanism as compared to amino acid mediated detoxification system.     

复合电化学法处理含盐有机废水

研究了复合电化学法处理含盐，酚废水的可行性及处理效果，实验结果表明，在110－160℃，PH3-3.5，处理电压5V，电流密度6-9mA/cm^2,H2O2/苯酚（质量比）＞0．06时，200mg/L的苯酚溶液经处理后，酚去除率大于98％，CODCr去除率大于70％，该法电能消耗低，是一种适合于含盐有机废水处理的新方法。     

一种从有机废水中获取甲酸的方法

探讨了从环己醇/环己酮生产装置产生的酸性有机废水中获取甲酸的方法.在实验基础上,确定了共沸-分馏组合法回收甲酸的工艺过程、适宜挟带剂及工艺条件.采用共沸-分馏组合法处理该有机废水,可获取质量分数为80%以上的甲酸水溶液,甲酸回收率可达70%以上.同时,经本法处理后,该有机废水的COD由1.0×105～1.6×105 mg/L降至5× 102 mg/L以下,COD去除率达98%以上.     

Contribution of motor vehicle emissions to organic carbon and fine particle mass in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Effects of varying source profiles and seasonal trends in ambient marker concentrations

We present estimates of the vehicular contribution to ambient organic carbon (OC) and fine particle mass (PM) in Pittsburgh, PA using the chemical mass balance (CMB) model and a large dataset of ambient molecular marker concentrations. Source profiles for CMB analysis are selected using a method of comparing the ambient ratios of marker species with published profiles for gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions. The ambient wintertime data cluster on a hopanes/EC ratio–ratio plot, and therefore can be explained by a large number of different source profile combinations. In contrast, the widely varying summer ambient ratios can be explained by a more limited number of source profile combinations. We present results for a number of different CMB scenarios, all of which perform well on the different statistical tests used to establish the quality of a CMB solution. The results illustrate how CMB estimates depend critically on the marker-to-OC and marker-to-PM ratios of the source profiles. The vehicular contribution in the winter is bounded between 13% and 20% of the ambient OC (274±56–416±72 ng-C m⁻³). However, variability in the diesel profiles creates uncertainty in the gasoline–diesel split. On an OC basis, one set of scenarios suggests gasoline dominance, while a second set indicates a more even split. On a PM basis, all solutions indicate a diesel-dominated split. The summer CMB solutions do not present a consistent picture given the seasonal shift and wide variation in the ambient hopanes-to-EC ratios relative to the source profiles. If one set of source profiles is applied to the entire dataset, gasoline vehicles dominate vehicular OC in the winter but diesel dominates in the summer. The seasonal pattern in the ambient hopanes-to-EC ratios may be caused by photochemical decay of hopanes in the summer or by seasonal changes in vehicle emission profiles.     

高浓度难降解有机废水处理技术综述

高浓度难降解有机废水的处理，是国内外污水处理界公认的难题。本文分析了这一类废水难于生物处理的主要原因，并在此基础上对近年来国内外处理焦化废水、制药废水等高浓度难降解废水的技术和研究作了介绍与评价。     

Thermal decomposition kinetic of liquid organic peroxides

This study demonstrates the application of isothermal calorimeter for investigating the thermal decomposition of several liquid organic peroxides, such as t-Butyl peroxy acetate (TBPA), Di-tert butyl peroxide (DTBP), and Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). The decomposition mechanism and kinetic can be identified from case to case. TBPA and DTBP undergo first order reaction, whereas CHP occurs autocatalysis. Accurate kinetic can be assessed on the basis of discerning these various schemes of given samples. Consequently, the thermal runaway or reactive hazards potential of organic peroxides can be determined, for instance as a self accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT).     

有机酸对云凝结核形成的影响

对流层中的有机酸主要来源于人类活动和自然的排放，它们对云成核现象有重要作用并且对云凝结核(CCN)的数量有显著的贡献，但具体哪些种类的有机酸起着什么样的作用以及有多大的作用却鲜为人知。为此，本文结合国内外在相关领域的研究成果，概要介绍了对流层中有机酸(主要是甲酸，乙酸，丙酮酸，草酸)的含量、来源、存在形态及其对云凝结核影响。     

上澳塘水体生物修复试验

生物修复，是通过微生物的作用，使受污染的土壤或水体中的污染物，就地降解成CO2、H2O，或转化成无害物质的一种污染治理技术。试验采用美国Probiotic Solutions公司的水体净化促生液，对徐汇区上澳塘黑臭水体进行生物修复。结果表明，该净化促生液具有促进水体好氧洁净状态生态系统各类微生物的生长，及向良性生态区系演替的作用，可促进污染水体中微生物由厌氧向好氧演替，生物由低等向高等替，水体中生物多样性增加；同时，还可促进水体中有机物的降解，并有助于水体增氧，可有效地消除水体黑臭。     

非致癌有机物水质基准的推导方法研究

基于美国环保局发表的环境水质基准(AWQC)推导方法,本文着重从理论上研究并讨论了非致癌有机物环境水质基准的推导过程。以1,2,4-三氯苯为例,计算了它的AWQC值。