Arsenism Clinical Stages and their Relation with Hair Arsenic Concentration of Residents of Bayinmaodao Rural District, Inner Mongolia, China

The clinical skin lesions of arsenism in men and women in Bayinmaodao rural district in Inner Mongolia, Peoples Republic of China, have been examined by doctors, and their hair and drinking water samples analysed for arsenic by hydride generation and ICP-AES. Altogether 311 arsenism patients with a 15.53% prevalence rate for the district were recorded. The disease prevalence rate was positively related to population, age, and their exposure to elevated arsenic concentrations in the drinking water from 1983 when new wells were dug and drinking of surface water was abandoned. Hyperkeratosis was the most serious skin lesion with the highest occurrence rate, then depigmentation and pigmentation in decreasing order. With increasing severity of the disease, ranging from skin lesion with single hyperkeratosis 1° to hyperkeratosis 3° with depigmentation 3° and pigmentation 3°, the results showed that arsenic concentrations in head hair had increased. Arsenic concentrations in hair were positively correlated with the arsenic concentrations in drinking water obtained from local wells.     

Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water in The Province of Soria (Central Spain) and Caries in Children

The fluoride content in the water supply of the Soria province is not normally above 0.2mg L^–1 and its geographical distribution is related to the lithological and geological features of the zone, the highest concentration being associated with the Miocene clay formation of the Almazán Basin.A statistical analysis confirms a connection between this fluoride content and tooth decay among children in rural areas. However, other factors such as oral hygiene and diet have been found to affect tooth decay.     

上海市松江镇饮用水水源区的保护与环境管理方案

保护集镇饮用水河流是当前水污染防治工作的重点。本文通过现状分析，针对城乡结合部河流以面源为主的特点，找出影响饮用水河流水质的主要污染源及污水排放特征．用系统分析方法，将集镇的经济、人口、环境统计资料作为环境管理模型的主要输入信息，经计算机仿真，得出保护水源水质应采取的对策与治理方案。     

建立适合我国国情的饮用水水质指数

目前一般利用各指标合格率评价饮用水水质，由于指标繁杂，不利于消费者了解水质整体概况，也不利于对外发布公报。本文建议采用水质指数法来对饮用水水质进行综合评价。本文介绍了目前采用的水质指数的不同评价方法，综述了不同的水质指数的原理和计算方法，根据我国国情，对我国城市供水的饮用水水质指数进行了修正，首次在水质指数中增加了超标项目“惩罚项”。修正后的饮用水水质指数具有很强的科学性和可操作性，可以从整体上对饮用水水质进行综合评价。     

饮用水中卤乙酸和三卤甲烷的形成及影响因素研究

以浙江省钱塘江流域的七种水源水为代表，分析了前体物、pH值、投氯量、氯化时间和温度等因素对氯化消毒副产物(DBPs)中三种卤乙酸(HAAs)和三种三卤甲烷(THMs)的影响，研究表明，总有机碳(TOC)和UV-254与HAAs前体物呈正相关，而与THMs前体物的相关性较差；在pH5-10的范围内，pH值对HAAs的形成影响较小，pH值愈高HAAs总量愈小，而对THMs的形成影响较大，THMs总量随pH值的增高而增大；HAAs和THMs的形成量与投氯量、氯化时间均呈正相关；在正常气温条件下，随温度的增加而增加。     

直接进样-离子色谱法测定饮用水中痕量溴酸盐

对直接测定饮用水中痕量溴酸盐的离子色谱方法进行了优化 .选用高容量的碳酸盐选择性离子色谱柱 ,以 7 2mmol·l- 1 Na2 CO3 2mmol·l- 1 NaOH为流动相 ,可消除样品中碳酸盐、次氯酸根和高浓度氯离子的干扰 ,直接进样测定饮用水中 2 μg·l- 1 溴酸盐 ,其检出限为 0 6μg·l- 1 .样品经微波浓缩后 ,对溴酸盐的检出限可降为 0 0 6μg·l- 1 .方法用于北京市饮用水中溴酸盐浓度的测定 ,结果满意     

臭氧—活性炭组合工艺对饮用水中AOC的去除

研究了以O3/GAC为主的饮用水深度处理工艺对AOC去除效果 ,结果表明 :原水 (某江水 )AOC浓度为 6 1 9μg乙酸碳 /L ;生物陶粒滤池对AOC的去除率为 54% ;O3 +GAC对AOC的去除率为 83.8% ;加氯消毒后AOC浓度增加 1 .38倍 ;常规水处理工艺对AOC的去除率为 4 3.7% ,不能保证饮用水的生物稳定性     

前屯煤矿矿井水处理作饮用水的技术实践

本文根据前屯煤矿矿井水排放规律和原水水质特征，采用ＫＪＳ型一体化净水器，锰砂除铁滤器及消毒等处理工艺，处理后水质完全达到国家饮用水标准，工程投资和运行费用均较合理。     

中国南方某城市自来水厂处理工艺对多环芳烃的去除效果研究

讨论了中国南方某城市自来水厂饮用水中的多环芳烃残留规律以及现有净水工艺对多环芳烃的去除效果。研究结果表明,该自来水厂饮用水中检出多环芳烃以2~4环芳烃为主,强致癌性高环数多环芳烃均在检出限以下,且多环芳烃总量未超出中国供水行业标准(2000年)的相关限值。各处理工艺段中,砂滤过程对多环芳烃的去除效果最好,相较于原水对多环芳烃总量的去除率可达64%。